What Is Traffic Congestion?

Richardson, Glaeser places certain focus on the importance of sanitation and the provision of clean water as fundamental components in reducing disease in cities. While this issue is highly relevant to the wellbeing of citizens in urban concentrations, Glaeser seems less concerned with it as most present-day cities have overcome these issues through provision of sufficient infrastructure. Of greater interest to the economically fixated Glaeser is the proposal and implementation of urban planning reforms aiming to reduce traffic congestion in metropolitan areas. He points out that congestion encumbers productivity in cities, and is adamant in his view that every driver should be charged for the external cost that their use of the road deposits on other drivers. From an economic perspective, it makes great sense to charge people for their bearing on congested roads to make up for lost time and productivity. Though the author fails to consider other solutions to the congestion problem, such as increasing public transport opportunities and investing in pedestrian and bicycle facilities, his favoured solution would still work well as part of a larger scheme to reduce traffic

As a result of an increased population inhabiting one area, traffic congestion is often a major issue resulting from urbanisation. In London, traffic is evidently a problem. As it would be expected from a capital city home to more

Traffic jams are a case where there are a large number of vehicles close together and they are moving very slow. Traffic jams have become an issue to many of the cities around the world, some being known across the world as the traffic jam mysteries, for example, Mumbai. However, as the time continues other cities have become part of the traffic jam and they are facing the traffic as a major issue. Although some people support the traffic jam in Los Angeles, there are many people believe that traffic jam is a global issue, and it causes many problems such as wasting time, and air pollution especially in Los Angeles.

Transportation in the region has a long and successful past. However, public transportation has consistently taken a back seat to the personal automobile. There has been a strong core of persons who rely on public transportation to achieve mobility, and governmental

Austin, Texas has a problem with traffic congestion. The solutions is Mike Heiligenstein  and the Central Texas Regional Mobility Authority. The popular city in Texas is constantly growing; consequently the traffic problems are a significant issue. The traffic problems in Texas can be managed, but not eliminated. According to the Central Texas regional Mobility Authority,(CMRMA), a technical solution is the key to managing the difficult traffic congestion. Traffic solutions involve more than the creation of new roads and highways. Mobility Authority strives to create innovative solutions to manage traffic issues in Austin, Texas.

(1) Kuala Lumpur has one of the lowest public transport passenger amount levels in Asia due to the rising ownerships and usage rate of private cars. The recently-launched Kuala Lumpur Structure Plan 2020 revealed that only 20 percent of total Kuala Lumpur passenger movements take place by public transport while 80 percent by private transport (Kuala Lumpur City Hall. Kuala Lumpur Structure Plan 2020, 2004). The public transportation has modern facilities, but with the poor system and low-quality service, therefore, more and more people are shifting from public transport to private cars and motors. Although the local government made efforts to introduce rails as public transport in the 1980s, expecting to slow down the speed of increasing motor vehicles, their popularity remained (Aldukali et al, 2011). The low efficiency also contributes to the shift. The buses and metros always arrive late, consuming more time for passengers to travel from house to work, which in turn further aggravates the low usage rate.

Reaching record highs, Atlanta’s congestion has put enough drain on economic development to warrant the need for immediate action. It’s has become necessary to develop any policies that could help alleviate some of the burden on roadways. Exploring the issue, there are four possible policies that have been examined to reduce congestion in Atlanta. Each policy has its costs and benefits, and strengths and weaknesses looked at under a critical gaze to determine which, if any, policy is up to the task of fixing the traffic nightmare the citizens of Atlanta currently live in.

In “Not So Fast: A Study of Traffic Delays, Access, and Economic Activity in the San Francisco Bay Area”, the 2016 report sponsored by the California Department of Transportation, professor Brian Taylor, Taner Osman, Ph.D, and Trevor Thomas, Ph.D, from the University of California at Los Angeles, and Andrew Mondschein, Ph.D, from the University of Virginia write about their research of the traffic congestion problem in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Bay Area is the third most congested area in the U.S. right after Washington D.C. and Los Angeles. Slow-moving traffic not only wastes time, but also wastes fuel that can amount to billions of dollars. Local residents are skeptical about new developments because they believe that with more activity

Observation of Shubra and Heliopolis revealed high traffic cognition due to two reasons; the first based on diversity of land uses and facilities within the surrounding area that increases both areas attractiveness for adjacent community and result in traffic jams. The second, based on the high density and high community size that increase traffic volumes moving in narrow streets that cannot meet such traffic volumes accordingly a high traffic jam is recorded especially in most of Shubra narrow streets. It is clear that resident's movement behavior can contribute to reduce traffic jam especially if more part of their trips relies on walkability and public transportation, also recorded high community density that increase feasibility of public transportation and recorded high accessibility with short distance to public transportation could contribute to reduce traffic cognition by facilitating residents reliance to public transportation. Even though, a huge part of such traffic volumes caused by residents who are not welling the low quality public transportation; so an enhancement of the quality of public transportation could increase resident's dependency on mass transportation and reduce private cars and accordingly reduce traffic jams.

In urban environment, drivers must frequently stop or slow down for different forms of regulatory control at intersections such as traffic signal stop sign or yield signs, pedestrian crossings, rail crossing, emergency vehicle way, and reduce travel speed areas near schools and shopping zones. Travel speed also affected by congestion where preceding vehicle prevent the adoption of discretionary free-flow speed. Factors such as these cause large amounts of variance in individual speed even during off peak periods. Lowering average travel speeds in urban and metropolitan area will bring considerable reductions in road trauma especially accident at emergency lane. (Symmons, 2008). Lowering

Third solution is public awareness which is very important to solve the problem of traffic congestion. People can walk short distances instead of using cars. They can also use bikes or skates. This can save everyone from overcrowded

In 2002, Muñoz and Daganzo discuss the notion of moving bottlenecks or a moving obstructions to traffic. In this paper, the authors provided a brief history of two publications that initiated the study of moving bottlenecks. The study of moving bottlenecks was greatly shaped by Gazis and Herman (1992) and Newell (1993). The research by Gazis and Herman determined critical speeds in which queues would form behind a bottleneck and utilized a flow-density plane to illustrate capacity conditions around the moving bottleneck33. Nowell, on the other hand, related moving bottlenecks to the kinematic wave theory. The author asserted that the moving bottleneck in his case was a long convoy of vehicles and the vehicles in the traffic stream adjacent to it would operate in a scaled down version of the flow-density curve of the freeway34. The

After identifying 3 roadways with high levels of congestion, 8 living spaces (4 apartments and 4 parks) less than half a mile from these routes were selected and defined as “red” locations. Additionally, eight living spaces (4 apartments and 4 parks) directly located along roadways with normal congestion were selected as controls and defined as “green” locations. For the purpose of this experiment, roadways with normal levels of congestion were defined as any route that was not included in TRIP’s survey of the most congested roadways in Philadelphia.

This is the simplest form of traffic control. As the name indicates it require man power to control the traffic. Depending on the countries and states the traffic polices are allotted for a required area or city to control the traffic by analyzing the traffic conditions. A traffic police stands in the middle of road and monitors flow of traffic. The traffic polices will have things like sign board, sign light and whistle to control the traffic. In time of congestion he gives signals to the vehicle driver whether to drive or stop. He is also able to recognize emergency case, so he can choose which lane needs more priority than other.

The objective of this paper is to understand the modes of road transportation, the role of road transportation in urban areas, the role of transportation infrastructure in