What Is Transformations-Meanings Of Difference By Naomi Hainstein

Since the beginning of time there has been a distinct division between the sexes. Through sheer definition there is a physical difference between the two but as time has passed there has been an indisputable recognition of the differences in personality and cognition. There are also undeniable differences in the life experiences had by the two sexes that

He argues in the book that the human mind makes a difference between men and women, but they cannot be judged because of their genders and mental and physical abilities. Thought the thoughts of males and females are entirely different because of internal biological differences society and culture play a part in the standards these genders should conform to fit in. Socialization to gender roles impacts the shaping of the male and female minds in society, and this Pinker did not emphasize. Gender is defined as the socially constructed behavior, roles, attributes and activities that our societies consider appropriate for women and men. The development process that shapes the mind begins in life early and heightens during adolescence stage for instance; researchers discovered that gender expectation negatively influences psychosocial development of girls. Thus inferring the fact that men and females cannot be judged by their mental and physical abilities is true but minus the influence of influences of cultural and religious biases the male and females mind would not be that different.

An ever changing, yet common issue, in today's generation revolves around how society views gender. The general consensus dictates that gender, as a whole, is a spectrum, rather than a standard set for each individual male and female to follow throughout everyday life. However, there are those individuals who wish to remain reluctant in changing their view of society. Some believe it is better to allow the education system to be segregated by gender, in order to provide more resources to both girls and boys. One person in favor of this public education reform is David Brooks, a neuroscientist who published the article titled “The Gender Gap at School.” A thorough analysis of the effects of literature on men and women, biological factors

Historically, men dominated over women through superior tendencies and institutionalized oppression. Women, denied explicit rights that men were granted, lived under patriarchal control and were subject to suppressing positions in society. However, this institution of patriarchy has not been the prominent power establishment throughout the entirety of historical accounts. Women have been displayed in a reversed position of power, unconventionally obtaining supreme authority over men. One eminent instance of this matriarchal jurisdiction is mental institutions of the 1950s. The majority of decisionmaking staff members on these wards were female nurses, while the majority of mental patients under their authority were male. Many used this unorthodox subordination of men to exercise their reversed gender power and and establish a matriarchy in which they had complete dictation over the men’s actions and decisions. This system is evidently illustrated through female domination in the lives of male mental patients in Ken Kesey’s, One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest. The patients on the ward are constantly subjected to supreme female control both by women within the ward and by females in other areas of their lives. Through this, women retain their matriarchal control through an evolutionary reversal of conventional gender roles, induced by authoritative emasculation.

The Transforming Vision, written by Brian Walsh and Richard Middleton, yearn for a change in the way Christianity is viewed. According to the authors, science, technology and economic growth is what shapes our society, while Christianity stands in the sidelines. The authors aspire to see a change in Christianity where it “may receive social and cultural embodiment.” In the first chapters, Walsh and Middleton explore the reason behind why Christianity of North Americans is so disembodied compared to others. In addition, Transforming Vision explores the different types of worldviews compared to a Christian worldview, or biblical view. Furthermore, it discusses how the different type of world views affects us and if there is any worldview better than another.

Stephen Bonnycastle lists a set of traits or stereotypes in his work In Search for Authority, that are considered "feminine" and an opposing list that is considered "masculine"; these traits seem to be inevitably true to life (Bonnycastle 10,11). For example, one of the traits listed is emotional, women are expected to be emotional and when this is not the case a man is often confused and indifferent towards the woman. This is especially the case if she is not emotional she is viewed as not feminine. Any time a woman does not fit the idea of what society expects of her she is outcasted and frowned upon. This hatred runs even deeper if a woman crosses over into what is considered "masculine", a woman who shows any type of authority over a

Sociologists reject the idea that behavioural differences between men and women are biologically determined. Outline the key grounds for this rejection and discuss what this means for a sociological understanding of gender.

Women have struggled to have their experiences recognized as valid within disciplinary Psychology. Identify and discuss several contributions made by women in Psychology to the study of sex and gender in the 20th century.

Gender roles affect the way we view males and females in society. According to Public and Private Families an Introduction by Andrew J Cherlin, “sex” is described as the biological characteristics the distinguish the difference between man and woman such as their reproductive organs and hormones. “Gender” is described as the social and cultural characteristics that describe the difference between men and women. Gender roles in the United States have changed more for women than for men due to the asymmetry of gender change which is the bigger change in woman’s lives than males.

Kimura’s scientific article Sex Differences in the Brain provides an excellent scientific basis and intermingles social implications with scientific discoveries. It’s use of graphs and tables allow for readers to easily understand each point being driven and makes excellent use of past references to allow a full scope of comparisons. Borchers’ social science article Sociological differences between women and men: Implications for autoimmunity gives genuine insight into the differences of men and women’s abilities regarding everyday tasks and duties but falls short in it’s delivery and scope. I suffers from confusing in text statistics and poorly places graphs that make it difficult for a reader to understand. While of the same topic, the Kimura’s scientific article does a better job of not only presenting ideas but creating them as well. Bringing several different approaches to understanding how men and women function, the scientific article is the superior of the two for this

The person and their gender have something to do with their behavior later in life. Psychoanalytic theory is dealing with the person personality organization and it deal with the dynamics of that person personality that deal with development. System perspective is give account of that person behavior it is dealing with their mental status and it also deal with the environment that surround that person. How a the person and their gender determine certain behavior in life here are some type of behavior a person is experience because who they are and their gender, that could be deal with certain behavior such as , “ excessive food intake, sexual activities, romantic relationships, gambling, Internet use, shopping, and exercise “(). These certain behavior have the person look at and because of their certain behavior they might be stereotype. In chapter 12 Gender and Sexuality has mention that different , “many different factors involved in the developmentof the self and the formation of personality” (R.A.Mossler& M.Ziegler,2016).

Gender is the characteristics of people as females and males. During preschool years, children begin to fall into their cultures gender roles. Gender roles are the expectations that society has in regards to how females and males should think, act, and feel. Two social theories that are central to children’s gender development are psychoanalytic theory of gender and social cognitive theory of gender. Freud proposed in the psychoanalytic theory of gender that children develop a sexual attraction to their opposite-sex parent, but eventually loses this attraction causing them to identify with their same-sex parent. In the social cognitive theory of gender, children’s gender develops through the rewards and punishments from their parents for gender-appropriate behavior. Both theories rely heavily on the influence of parents. Moreover, children in both theories learn about gender roles through observation. They adopt the sources characteristics and imitate what they see. In contrast, social cognitive theory contains other sources from which children learn gender roles such as culture, school, peers, etc. Also, psychoanalytic theory believes that children are aware of their gender much earlier, while social cognitive believes that children become aware through the negative or positive experiences they encounter. Bandura believed in reinforcement, while Freud took a biological approach.

In her text Passionate Men, Emotional Women: Psychology Constructs Gender Difference in the 19th Century, historian Stephanie A. Shields delineates the ways in which the Western modern project required in its logic of construction a need to create and reproduce an epistemological, discursive, and pseudo-scientific dichotomous relationship between the genders. Specifically, Shields emphasizes the ways in which a certain dogmatic praxis of evolutionary theory, in juxtaposition with social science, worked to produces a science of psychology that in turn generated a hierarchical understanding of gender relations, premised on the politics of emotions and the mind/body divide.

Many people have tried to study the psychological differences between genders and found that there are very few. One such study, conducted by Janet Shibley Hyde, used meta-analysis to compare men’s and women’s reactions to certain social situations. Using the equation difference is equal to the mean score for males minus the mean score for women divided by the within-gender standard deviation, Shibley Hyde found that most differences were close to zero, difference was equal to or less than .1, and very few were large dissimilarities, where difference was above .66 (Shibley Hyde). She also found that differences varied according to social context.

Although some people believe that the sex role theory or the socialization model of gender as a process, in which we absorb instructions prescribed by the social institutions to act in the acceptable way to our biological sex, is a trivial issue, it is in fact crucial in terms of today’s concern over the gender formation. This significance is accurately noticed by Raewyn Connell, a renown sociologist who proclaimed her views in the essay “Gender in Personal Life” published in Gender: in World Perspective. In her work, the author reveals the flaws of the socialization model, states that psychoanalysis provides a moderately better clarification for the contradictory character of human development and offers a solution that people should actively learn through the dynamic character of gender formation. According to Connell, therefore, the definition of how we acquire gender should not be represented by the socialization model of gender but rather through the emotional contradiction as a part of psychoanalysis and, more importantly, thorough the active and dynamic character of gender formation.