What Is Urinary Tract Infections?

In The Crucible by Arthur Miller, innocent lives were taken in the Salem Witch Trials in 1692. Many couldn’t forgive themselves or forgive others, while others suffered their consequences and sentenced to death with regret, but for John Proctor it was different. He wanted to make things right for his wife Elizabeth Proctor and his kids, but most importantly, he wanted to make things right for himself. When a crisis gets to its worst point and his wife is accused of witchcraft he has to choose what is right for the sake of life and forgiveness.

T.M. was admitted to the sub-acute unit for an UTI. UTI is usually cause by an organism called Escherichia coli. Risk factors for UTI in males can be bladder stones, kidney stones, an enlarge prostate, catheter use, or bacterial prostatitis. Some of the symptoms of UTI are burning sensation when urinating, frequent urination, fever, chills, foul smelling urine, urine retention, and lethargy. T.M. has a diagnosis of BPH and repeated history of UTI which increase his risk for UTI. A short-term goal will be that the patient will be display no UTI sign of symptoms. A long-term goal will be that the patient will demonstrate behavioral techniques to prevent future UTI. To accomplish these goals, the patient should be encouraged to void every 2 to

Urinary tract infection also referred to as UTI is the second most common infection in the body. The urinary tract system in your body which includes the bladder and kidneys makes urine and carries it out of your body. When germs get into the urinary tract system an infection is typically formed. UTI’s are usually caused when unwanted bacteria enters through the urethra and begins to multiply (www.mayoclinic.org). The bacteria that are normally found in the large intestine and feces are the most common source of a UTI. Sexual intercourse is one of the common causes of urinary tract infections for women, causing bacteria to move up into the urinary tract. Sometimes in a hospital setting a patient who is on a catheter can also get a urinary tract infection.

A review of his medical record indicates that he suffers chronic urinary tract infection with retention. He has a suprapubic catheter in place. On 1/8/17 he was ordered UA, C&S due to hematuria. He has new onset depression and was started on Cymbalta by his PCP in December. He suffers from chronic pain due to his arthritis and osteoporosis. He also suffers from co-morbidities of HTN-chronic and stable, anemia-chronic, Rheumatoid arthritis which is chronic and CHF-chronic.

18. When the infection is in the bladder you can experience pelvic pressure, lower abdomen discomfort, painful urination, and blood in the urine.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that happens in the urinary system. It can occur in the kidneys, ureters, bladder or urethra. The most common UTIs happen in the bladder or urethra. Urinary tract infections happen when bacteria goes through the urethra into the bladder and starts to multiply. These type of infections are more common in women because of their short urethras.

The symptomatic urinary tract infection can be uncomplicated or complicated. Uncomplicated urinary tract infection is a symptomatic urinary tract infection characterized by frequency, urgency, dysuria, or supra pubic pain in a woman with a normal genitourinary tract.3 Complicated urinary tract infection, is also a symptomatic urinary infection in a women with functional or structural abnormalities of the genitourinary tract which involve either the bladder or kidneys.4

The relationship between bacterial infection of urinary tract infection with prostate specific antigen in patient's serum and the most common bacteria of urinary tract infection leading to increase the level of prostate specific antigen in serum. The UTI is the most common disease of the urinary tract and it is a major cause of morbidity in both the hospital and the community (2). They are caused by bacteria that are normally present in digestive system and on the skin around the rectum. These bacteria can pass through the urethra and up into the bladder (3).

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection involving any part of the urinary system, which includes the urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidneys. UTIs are the most common type of healthcare-associated infection (HAI). Between 15-25% of hospitalized patients receive urinary catheters during their hospital stay (Drekonja, 2010, p. 31). A urinary catheter is a drainage tube that is inserted into the bladder through the urethra. A catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) occurs when bacteria enters the urinary tract through the catheter and causes infection. Common signs of UTIs are urgency, frequency and dysuria. These voiding symptoms will not be present in patients with indwelling catheters. Symptoms that may help classifying a CAUTI would be fever or hypothermia, suprapubic tenderness, or costovertebral angle pain or tenderness (Tillekeratne, 2014, p. 13). Catheter-associated urinary tract infections cause increased healthcare costs, length of stay, morbidity, and mortality. Infections can be acquired in many ways such as, on insertion of the catheter via cross contamination or accidental catheterization into the vagina, not ensuring aseptic technique, catheter care and maintenance, and cross-contamination when emptying the drainage bags. There are many ways to decrease the risk of catheter-associated UTIs and nurses play a major role in reducing these risks in order to prevent harm and save lives. To improve clinical care and reduce the risks of

UTI’s are mainly caused by bacteria when it gets enter into the urinary tract.This can happen in many ways :

Most urinary tract infections are primarily caused by bacteria that live in the bowel region of the body. The bacterium Escherichia coli, commonly referred to as “E. coli”, causes most UTIs. The urinary tract has several systems to prevent infection. The points where the ureters attach to the bladder act as only one way valves to prevent urine from moving back up toward the kidneys. Urination is intended to wash microbes and any infectious bacteria out of the body. In males, the prostate gland produces secretions that slow down bacterial growth in the urinary tract. In both woman and men, immune defenses try to prevent infections, but despite these safety procedures put in place by the body, infections still do occur in some individuals.

A urinary tract infection is an infection in any part of the urinary system such as the kidneys, bladder, or the urethra. A urinary tract infection can also be abbreviated as UTI.

Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) are miserable. Recurrent ones are a whole other level of misery. But, you don't have to just resign yourself to suffering. Many people have managed to stop having a UTI every time they turn around by making changes to their diet and hygiene habits.

Bacterial urinary tract infections represent the most common type of nosocomial infections. Often, the ability of bacteria to both establish and maintain these infections are directly related to biofilm formation on indwelling devices or within the urinary tract itself (30). Enterococci (especially E. faecalis) are one of the main causative agents of urinary tract infection and Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) besides gram-negative pathogens (31, 32). In these infections Biofilm provides a favorable milieu for microbial survival within the host as the organisms are shielded from the host immune response, as well as antibiotics and antimicrobial agents (33, 34). Several studies conducted to introduce main virulence genes of enterococci that are associated with biofilm formation in these bacteria (11, 13,-17), but virulence mechanism and related genes for biofilm formation are not well understood (35). In this study we investigated biofilm formation of clinical enterococci isolates isolated from Urinary tract infections. These strains were characterized for presence of adhesions and secretory virulence factors. Isolates had diverse presence of virulence from lack to highest amount of virulence genes. Several previous studies investigated relation of virulence genes and biofilm formation, especially presence of esp and gel. Enterococci esp has been implicated as a contributing factor in colonization and persistence of infection within the urinary tract

In order to reduce Hospital Readmissions and Hospital Acquired Conditions financial resources need to be managed carefully, as leaders we have to understand that by investing in nursing training and in departments like Infection Control we will save money at the and most important we will provide better care to our patients.