What Is Using Multiplanar Reconstruction Technique Used For The Conventional Radiographs?

ROM-range of motion (Sited from Acquiring Medical Language by Steven L. Jones and Andrew Cavanagh)

Physical exam: The doctor will exam the patient’s problem joints and observes the patient walking, bending, standing and sitting abilities.

Special exercises designed to suit different conditions can be very useful. A physiotherapist would be the one who makes an assessment keeping in mind clients condition e.g.

“Pain is much more than a physical sensation caused by a specific stimulus. An individual's perception of pain has important affective (emotional), cognitive, behavioral, and sensory components that are shaped by past experience, culture, and situational factors. The nature of the stimulus for pain can be physical, psychological, or a combination of both.” (Potter, Perry, Stockert, Hall, & Peterson, 2014 p. 141) As stated by Potter et al, the different natures of pain are dealt with differently depending on many factors. Knowing this, treating pain can be very difficult as there is no single or clear cut way of measuring it; “Even though the assessment and treatment of pain is a universally important health care issue,

The spine is one of the most important structures in the human body. The spine is located in the dorsal cavity and consists of 24 bones, called vertebrae. These vertebrae play a crucial role in protected the body’s command center, the spinal cord. But what happens when a disorder prevents the spinal column from functioning correctly? Scoliosis is a musculoskeletal disorder that causes abnormal lateral curvature of the spine and it effects millions of people in the US per year. I have chosen this disorder because I am aspiring to become a chiropractor and scoliosis is a typical condition that chiropractors help treat on a daily basis.

The ratings for this scale vary from no pain, a zero, to the worst pain one could possibly endure, a ten ('Misha' Backonja & Farrar, 2015).  This type of tool used for measuring pain is considered a self-assessment.  Meaning, the individual rates his/her pain on the provided scale.  All individuals who have received medical treatment, whether for a serious injury or a yearly physical, has been asked, “What would you rate your pain today, on a scale of one to ten?”.  This pain assessment tool is considered a fully ordered variable due to the individual having a wide range to rate his/her

Three different measurements were taken before and after the study. They included, pain intensity, disability, and quality of life. Pain was taken using a visual analog scale (VAS) which ranges from 0 to 10; 0 equaling no pain at all and 10 equaling the worst pain ever felt. Disability was taken using the Neck Disability Index (NDI). The NDI consisted of 10 items and were scored using percentages, the higher the percentage the higher the disability. And lastly, quality of life was taken using the Medical Outcome Study Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). Scores in SF-36 ranged from 0 to 100 and the higher the patients number got, the better quality of life.

Some assessment tests that can be done to determine areas of occupational dysfunction important to the person are the Canadian Occupational Performance (COPM) interview, the Robinson Bashall Functional Assessment, the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire, the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS), manual muscle tests, the goniometer, and the dynamometer and pinch meter (Hammond, pp 257). The Robinson Bashall Functional Assessment, as well as the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire, is a functional assessment that allows the therapist to get a better understanding of the practical capabilities of patients that are suffering from RA. The Assessment of Motor and Process Skills allows an accurate estimate of ability to do IADLs based on performance of three tasks.

“Pain is a complex, multidimensional experience that can cause suffering. [While] pain is inevitable, suffering is optional” (Kinder, 2014, p. 114). The control of pain is, as Kinder puts it very complex, without appropriate measures it can be easily side stepped especially in the elderly. To ensure patient center care it is important that all aspect of one’s quality of life is address, this is emphasizing by pain being a component of vital signs. Being a vulnerable population the elderly is often under assessed as they minimized their problems so as not to be a burden in addition to the fact that they may believe that their pain is a normal part of aging.

I did receive a significant amount of records from this patient's PCP, as well as neurology consult in followup and infectious disease notes. In short, he is a 67-year-old right-handed white male who while living in Alaska developed some hip pain, as well as medial right hand numbness. He did have an EMG on 10/2000 that showed ulnar neuropathy with cubital tunnel syndrome on the right. Ulnar nerve transposition was considered, but the patient deferred this. He did have an MRI of the cervical spine, which revealed most significantly C3-4, moderate bilateral neuroforaminal narrowing, C4-5 severe left and moderate right neuroforaminal narrowing, C5-6 severe bilateral neuroforaminal narrowing. He did

All of the subjects were male except for three females. The amputations were done following a traumatic experience in nineteen of the patients and sarcoma in two of the patients. The amputees rated the intensity of their PLP using a 10-cm Visual Analog Scale (VAS), in which the scale ranged from “no pain at all” to “the strongest pain I can imagine”. With the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the depression symptoms of each participant were measured. The BDI-II consists of twenty-one questions with each answer reported on a scale of zero to three, where higher total scores indicate depression. The items on the questionnaire relate to depressive, cognitive and physical symptoms. Life interference was also assessed in the study using a German version of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI). This questionnaire provides an assessment of chronic pain and consists of fifty-two questions in which the patient responded on a seven-point scale ranging from zero to

The assessment I have chosen to expand upon is the VAS(visual analogue scale for pain) assessment. The vas tool provides a health care worker with an indication of the intensity of pain. It consists of a 10m line with the anchor words ‘no pain’ and ‘worst pain imaginable’. This tool has been developed to add numeric indicators and also descriptive like ‘mild’ (Bijur et al 2001). The use of VAS tool post-operatively has been validated by some research (price et al 1983)and is recommended by nursing literature

Scoliosis is a complex deformity or curvature of the spine and entire torso and has been recognized clinically for centuries (Asher, Marc A.). “For a few of the patients an underlying cause can be determined, including congenital changes, secondary changes related to neuropathic or myopathic conditions, or later in life from degenerative spondylosis. However, the cause of most scoliosis is not known and since about 1922 such patients have been diagnosed as having idiopathic scoliosis (Asher, Marc A.).”

Pain cannot be measured by anyone other than the patient that is having the experience. This is why pain is sometime not understood and misevaluated by healthcare workers. Pain is measured by the Visual analog scale (VAS) of 1-10. One being the least amount of pain and ten being the worst possible. This test is done every four hours and reviewed 30 minutes after a medication administration for pain control. This non-invasive test gives the healthcare worker a measurable idea of the intensity of the pain the patient is experiencing. This also gives the health care worker a perceptive of how well the patient responds to pain after medication administration. Pain is not always seen it can be an eternal feeling.

The second system that I was assigned to demonstrate and teach was musculoskeletal assessment, which included focused interviews and physical assessment of the muscle, skeleton, and joint movement. The musculoskeletal systems assessment is a total of body assessment, which included assessment of joint (ROM), shoulder, Elbows, wrists, hands, hip, knees, ankle, feet and spine. In this presentation, I demonstrated how to assess ROM in different part of body at different angle and perform different assessment tests (Bulge sine test, ballottement test, phalen’s test and tinel’s sign test). I also demonstrated to my classmate how to perform different kind of ROM such as abduction, adduction, flexion,