Introduction
MIO (water enhancer) and a variety of other brands are labeled as “zero calorie”, and “all natural”. Not much research has been provided to validate this advertisement. People purchase water enhancers for benefits including weight loss and convenience. It is expected that MIO will show a significant increase in heart rate and the recovery rate after consuming. MIO is known to have additives like “Acesulfame Potassium” as a zero calorie sweetener. Acesulfame Potassium is mixed in with sucralose, and is up to 200 times sweeter than sugar. Acesulfame Potassium contains the carcinogen methylene chloride, exposure to this chemical over time can cause depression, mental confusion, liver and kidney complications, visual
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Contractions propel the blood from the posterior dorsal end of the worm. Pulsation waves are easily spotted as the outer layer of the worm is transparent, and contraction waves are seen in the main vessel as a heart beat. (Lesiuk and Drewes, 1999b) Pulsation rate is sensitive to pharmacological agents and is significantly accelerated by both caffeine and nicotine. (Bohrer, K.E. 2006) Much like in humans, the pulsation rate is regulated by the nervous and endocrine systems. Blackworms also have a very permeable outer skin layer, making the absorption of chemicals very efficient. Most consumers don’t think twice about the chemicals they are drinking, making most companies soar through the market as they label themselves as a “healthy” drink. MIO, a widely known company that produces water enhancers that are zero calories, do have many harmful chemicals and dyes. Many of which could lead to depression, hypersensitivity, cancer, and liver and kidney problems. This experiment was concluded to measure the heart and the recovery rate of blackworms (Lumbriculus variegatus), for relation to humans that consume zero calorie drinks like MIO. This experiment tests the effects of MIO on the circulatory system of lumbriculus variegatus, and the recovery rate after exposure to the water enhancer. An LD 50 test was also conducted.
Methods
Heart rate
All materials were obtained to start the experiment. To measure the heart rate after one minute of exposure, 44
An experiment was conducted to study and explore the circulatory system by exposing Lumbriculus variegatus, black worms, to household drugs. Lumbriculus variegatus was chosen as the experimental organism because of their transparent bodies and their simple physiology.
Results: This table shows the HR and Times of the subjects during each submaximal test. For the Astrand test Subject 1 and Subject 2 were conditioned while Subject 3 was not conditioned. All subjects are females between the ages of 21-23. Some Sub-Maximal Test required multiple Heart Rates, the last Heart Rate was used.
The following was the procedure used by the team that introduced chemicals into the environment of the Daphnia. First a zero reading was taken before any chemicals were introduced. The zero reading was an observation of the Daphnia’s heart rate before any substances were administered. All fluids were drawn off the slide using the corner of a Kimwipe. Then two drops of two percent alcohol solution were dropped onto the Daphnia. After a minute a heart rate reading was taken. The same procedure, including using the Kimwipe to draw off previous solution, was then used with four, six, eight, and ten percent solutions. A heart rate reading was taken after each solution was introduced.
The heart rate of the Daphnia was measured by counting the number of beats in a fifteen second time period. That number was then multiplied by four to get beats per minute. This heart rate after the Daphnia was in spring water was the control. The microscope light was kept off at all times unless heartbeat was being recorded in order to control the temperature. After the control heart rate was measured, the Daphnia was placed in the epinephrine water for two minutes. They were then moved to the microscope again after this exposure to measure how much the solutions of different concentrations caused their heart rates to increase. Their heart rate after epinephrine exposure was measured in the same way it was previously, also in beats per minute. Four or five Daphnia were tested at each concentration. While conducting this experiment, Excel was used to create a dose response curve with all of the class’s data. This data included the heart rate of the Daphnia at different concentrations of epinephrine. The data was then used to calculate the ED50. In order to do this the average heart rates were taken to find the median heart rate. This point on the graph was then used to find corresponding concentration of epinephrine. Controlled variables of this experiment included the temperature of the Daphnia, and the amount of time the Daphnia was exposed to the epinephrine
Conditions were controlled in an indoor environment with a static temperature of twenty-one degrees Celsius. Data was recorded predominantly through cataloguing visual responses. Respiration rate was determined by regarding the rise and fall of the chest as a count of one. Perspiration, recorded on an escalating scale from one to five, was done by way of observing moisture on the skin. Heart rate was measured by counting heart beats via carotid pulse. Counted measurements were done over fifteen seconds and multiplied by four to give an average per minute.
This experiment was designed to introduce students to the laboratory equipment and methods by subjecting a Daphnia to several environmental and/or chemical strains and evaluating the effect on the creature’s heart rate.
In conclusion, this experiment was successful. The purpose of the experiment was to observe the change in heartbeats per minute before and after a physical activity, in this case, ten jumping jacks. As predicted, the data proved that the hypothesis was correct because you can clearly see in the graph that the heart rate after exercise was higher. One point that I noticed from the data was that the ten jumping jacks affected the subjects differently. Subject two’s heart rate after exercise was significantly higher than subject one’s. Subject one’s heart rate increased only slightly; whereas subject two’s heart rate increased significantly. This experiment is a good basis for additional testing involving heart rates and exercise. If this investigation
Humans commonly underestimate how much energy drinks can affect their heart rate and heart functions. These different energy drinks can cause a variety of number in damage. Scientists have found that are a couple different reasons for any of their organs or bodies functions to be near their heart failure, liver and kidney diseases. Scientists have tested what happens to a human’s heart rate when exposed to anywhere from nicotine, oil and even \caffeine. First of all their one function that can be affected from this is their body’s function on clearing their carbon dioxide with oxygen or heart failure from over exposure to complex drinks that (can contain too much sodium or increase the heart rate then overwork the human’s heart). Another example would contain the sodium in products and how it lead to addiction and not only addiction and obsession, but heart failure. These toxins are commonly poured out in lakes, ponds and water resources. Animals can be affected from these conditions, causing fatality to their kind. There is only a certain number of specific animals even before the food chain. An organism that is a significant part of the food chain is a type of crustacean found in common water resources are Daphnia, there are three different species of them. The most visual kind would be Daphnia Magna, a small planktonic in the scientific group,Phyllopoda. The significant part of Daphnia are their circulation systems; they are part
After touching base at the assigned room, members (2) in both conditions will be situated in one of four corners at a table where they will be given educated assent. Taking after gathering of the marked assent shapes, members will be fitted with the OMRON Blood Pressure Monitor. An OMRON perusing will be taken before introduction to the stressor in both conditions, and preceding the task of the novel puppy in the examination condition. A perusing takes 25 seconds and records heart rate (HR) and pulse (BP) on an advanced screen. The readings will be noted by one of the specialists, and will be contrasted with readings got taking after presentation to the boost so as to guarantee identicalness as far as physiological excitement between the two gatherings.
The importance of legal representation to those considered to be poor or disadvantaged is vital to the outcome they receive in legal processes. In saying this, eligibility for public funded representation such as legal aid can be difficult to obtain (Hall 1993). Legal aid provides assistance to people unable to afford legal representation and access to the court system (Hall 1993). Legal aid is defined as a grant of legal assistance free-of-charge, for people who cannot afford their own representation and meet certain criteria such as a means test to determine eligibility (Australian Government 2017). Published research has illustrated that the chances of people being successful rises from 20 percent to 35 percent when professionally represented
The heartbeat: the heartbeat at rest, a regular heart beats about 50 to 99 times a minute. Exercise, fever and emotions can make the heart to beat quicker, occasionally to well around 100 beats per minute. The heart rate slows down when you stop running. The pulse after two minutes of running is named the "recovery heart rate," and that rate will lower as you develop to be more fit. The actual numbers vary because everyone's heart rate varies--even between similar people at similar fitness levels. In some people, the heart rate remains elevated after exercise, and electrical pulses from the heart are irregular. In this experiment an investigation was made to test if getting a fit and a unfit person to run 4 laps of the basketball court, what
Preforming different types of physical activities can increase the heart rate of the human body. The following hypothesis is based on the testing of three different students using three different kinds of exercise activities and rest period. The students calculated their BPM while resting, running, and sprinting. After calculating their results the data table shows that their heart rate increased when the exercise was more difficult. How will exercise effect our heart rate. The three students hypothesis is supported by their data table showing an increasing heart rate, based on exercise performed.
Whilst at rest, heart rate was recorded every 15 seconds for 2 minutes. For the next 5minutes the subject performed step ups at 30 steps per minute. Whilst doing this, a metronome was used to maintain pace. Throughout the 5 minutes the working heart rate was recorded every 15 seconds. This was repeated for a further 5 minutes in order to collect results for the recovery rate.
One group will participate in guided meditation for five minutes and the other will have a casual conversation for five minutes. We will record their basal heart rate, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure prior to the experiment, and then again periodically after the exposure to the treatment.