What Is the French Policy of Assimilation About, What Did Scholars Like Leopold Senghor Mean by the Term Negritude as a Strategy for Countering That French Policy and What Is the Place of the Two in the Methodology of Ethnic Conflict Management?

People who have associated closely with the natives are the ones who called for the assimilation and administration of Indians. They labeled themselves as ‘friend of Indians'. The policy used towards the Indians had positive results as many tribes had been prompt to stele in reservations, agreeing to the labor of various kind and accepted civilization (Keller,1983). The citizens applied Christian principles in Indian matters that enables fast assimilation and corruption reduced drastically. Most Indians converted to Christianity, but there was a struggle between Protestants and Catholic as of who will get more people.

France had a general distrust of Germany. There was a great fear that if more serious measures to stop Germany were not made then the next generation would be seeking a war of revenge. The French public opinion earnestly desired a just peace, and would not take up arms again until compelled by a clear threat.3 This pacifism played an extremely important role in French policy. "Whether from ignorance or misunderstanding, many of the French people were apathetic, or just did not care enough to want action."4 The people were divided into two forces, the Left and Right, the Right favoring

For almost as long as European settlers have interacted with the native peoples of the Americas, they have had a notion: what many call ‘assimilation’. To Europeans, assimilation of native peoples meant for their culture, which they believed to be superior, to be accepted over time by the natives. And as they grew more and more European in language, religion, customs, organization, morals, and behavior, they would slowly shed off all of their old culture which the European culture would be replacing. The Europeans believed this process was for the best for the natives and that they would be happier living ‘civilized’ lives as opposed to practicing their own traditions.

The organizations that would take over other beings and cause them to lose their identity to become a slave to the larger organization. However, Assimilation often associated with a negative connotation with the loss of one’s identity or historical culture as part of an integration process with a new, larger cultural identity. This negative connotation therefore raises racial and cultural identity concerns at the mere mention of the term, which results in a loss of the positive connotations of assimilation and loss of the perspective that assimilation does not require the loss of individual identity. The people involved still retain their individual identities, hopes, dreams, interests, loves, and goals, but they also can function more successfully

Assimilation is the manner in which people of a cultural group start to lose their individuality that makes them different from the more dominant culture, as they seek to fit in. America has been a melting pot of different cultures for centuries, whether it was by choice, forced or for a better life. History has proven that assimilation in America was not acceptable but that has changed over time.

Ikechi Mgbeoji’s book, Collective Insecurity examines the hidden causes of West Africa’s civil wars and addresses an important question: “Why has the U.N. system not worked to protect people and to enhance their welfare, as intended, in Africa and elsewhere?” In his book, Mgbeoji proposes, “the solution to African political instability lies in a structural rearrangement of the African polity for the purpose of legitimate governance of African peoples.”

From 1914 to the present, one of the most powerful trends of the postwar era was the importance of the developing world and their desire for independence. Nationalism was an important factor in the growing independence movements in Sub- Saharan Africa. Regardless of political changes, social conflict and tensions remained a problem. Tensions between Europeans and Africans, which had been a problem since the Europeans’ arrival and social unrest in communities didn’t change.

To change the “status quo”, Afrocentricity must serve as both a corrective factor and a critique. Africans throughout the world including the America’s have experienced the sensation of dislocation. Through the act of re-centering the African person and making them an agent, we shed the belief of the unquestioned European domination. In that way, it serves as a corrective factor. Afrocentricity also strives to critique the process and the extent of the dislocation of African peoples that was the result of the domination of the Europeans in all matters. In order to change the circumstances,

In order for conflict to be resolved both sides must understand one another’s concerns and be willing to compromise, thus understanding is the first step to resolution. According to Varshney (2001), “promoting communication between members of different religious communities, civic networks often make neighborhood-level peace possible. Routine engagement allows people to come together and form organizations in times of tension” (p. 375). Additionally, the Varshney (2001) article states that if institutions are created that cater to the cultural, economic, and social needs of both sides then the support for peace in the community become strong. Getting people to try to see eye to eye and co-exist without conflict is a great solution to ethnic conflict. According to constructivists ethnicity and in turn ethnic conflict is what people make of it and that race can be made and erased. According to this idea, resolution can come from getting people to see ethnicity and ethnic conflict differently by promoting communication.

The movement known as Harlem Renaissance or the New Negro Movement is an intricate and important event in African-American cultural history. In the second half of the 1920s, with the dramatic upsurge of creativity in literature, music, and art within black Africa, the movement reaches its zenith. By exploring and probing racial themes and analyze what it means to be Black, both ethnic and cultural consciousnesses awaken among blacks and they want to be a new Negro and a new black American identity. Many scholars and writers involve in the movement, like Langston Hughes honored as the “Poet Laureate of Black People”; Alain Locke, an editor of an anthology the New Negro: An Interpretation, regarded as the definitive text in the movement; James

The term, the “New Negro”, was well-known during the Harlem Renaissance in the early twentieth century. Many African Americans migrated to the North in an effort to escape the strict Jim Crow Laws of the South. African Americans looked to industrialization work in the North as a new beginning for a better life. One key leader in the “New Negro” movement was Jamaican native, Marcus Garvey, who aimed to spread black nationalism. Garvey supported the idea of black pride, economic stability, and also separation for blacks. This movement called for the separation of blacks in society in an effort to promote the ideas in a progressive and political way. The “New Negro” wanted to disconnect themselves from common stereotypes and embrace their black heritage. African Americans simply wanted to have a voice in American society.

An issue that comprises the focus of most of the collected essays within Michael Leunig’s literary non-fiction novel “The Lot,” is Leunig’s belief that assimilation into society is undesirable. In his essays “Assimilation Blues” and “Message of the Mufti,” Leunig explores various scenarios of assimilation in society, and uses these examples to peddle his contention that individuality is becoming harder to hold on to. Leunig’s contention, however, is that of a nostalgically bitter writer, who views the past age through ‘rose-tinted glasses’ and fails to recognise that assimilation has always been largely present in society.

40% of sub-Saharan countries have experienced civil war largely because of differences in cultural and political beliefs. On prominent African civil war existed in Nigeria where after gaining their independence, cultural differences led the Ibo people to rebel against the government and declare independence as the Republic of Biafra. “A 3 year war ensued that left hundreds of thousands dead” (Ellis and Esler 1030). Similar wars existed in countries throughout the continent, greatly hurting Africa’s economic

Williams, A. (1994). "Resolving Conflict in a Multicultural Environment" Retrieved May 18, 2016, from http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/example/will5746.htm (Links to an external

Whatever the exact nature of the various African ethnogenesis processes, the states gaining independence were populated by groups which had differing loyalties. This scenario would fall foul of many theories of the state, in which the absence of the coherent link between the population and the power structure of the state calls it into question. Ethnic cleavages has been a factor in many of the numerous coups d'etat and armed conflicts throughout Africa, as rival groups see the power of state apparatus as a prize worth fighting for(Warner 2001, p89).