What Security Manager Can Do For Prevent White Collar Crime?

White Collar crime is not a crime unto it self, but instead a criteria that has to be met in order for a crime to be considered as White- Collar Crime; (Blount, 2002) hence the reason why Corporate Crime is also considered as White- Collar Crime. At the same time, White Collar Crime and Corporate Crime can be seen as distinct criminological categories, however, in order to reveal this, this essay will firstly be exploring Sutherland's definition of white collar crime and the perplexity with this definition of white-collar crime. It will then be looking at the modification which had to take place with Sutherland's definition of white-collar crime in order to established a distinction between white-collar and corporate crime.

As organizations utilize software and the internet together to make transactions and complete accounting functions, the threat of cybercrime comes into play. “Cyber crime against private business is growing, and consuming a larger share of Federal Bureau of Investigation resources than ever before…” (Kelly, M., & 42 staff, 2011)

This paper aims to provide the reader with understanding of white collar crime and more specifically on money laundering. The strain theory will be discussed in further detail to show how it explains money laundering. Control theory will also be discussed to show how it does not explain money laundering. The two theories will help the reader the understand why it is the crimes are committed. First, I will give an overview of what white collar crime is. I will then explain money laundering specifically. I will also briefly discuss the statute currently in place for money laundering and what is being done to prevent it from happening. Then I will connect money laundering to the movie American Hustle. This will allow the reader to connect the crime to a modern day example. Finally, I will end with my conclusion and shed light on the answered questions and challenges on the topic.

In this day and age, a corporation, family, or individual always has a potential risk of encountering fraud within their money supply. On average, fraud and abuse costs U.S. organizations more than $400 billion annually (Federal Bureau Investigation, 2010). Many may think that white collared crime is only money laundering or stealing, but that is only two out of the sum that countless culprits get away with. The term “white-collar crime,” originally coined in 1939 is synonymous with the full range of frauds committed by business and government professionals (Federal Bureau Investigation, 2010). These frauds include anything from bankruptcy fraud, money laundering, identity theft, corporate fraud to a wide number of threats all circling

’Whilst there remains a discrete set of offences which can readily be defined as white-collar crime, the offender characteristics remain ever-changing, changing as a result of both technological advancements and societal developments changes. Traditionally, very few individuals had the means, access and ability to commit white-collar crime, with the world’s majority not having real access to corporate information. Compare that to today, over 61% of the total workforce now has the potential to access the targets of white-collar crimes from employment in business sectors such as management, professional, sales and office professions. In addition, with today’s current access to corporate information, white-collar offenders no longer required to be employed in a white-collar occupation to commit their crimes. White-collar offences can occur within the comfort of the offenders own home. The United States Department of Justice states white-collar crime is “committed by anyone having special technical and professional knowledge of business and government, irrespective of the person’s occupation.” Widespread access to the internet as well as advancements in information technologies and communication has allowed white-collar crimes to be committed with increasing ease. In addition, these technological advancements have become increasingly common across diverse social strata with the cost of these technologies

The use of information technology in business presents major security challenges, poses serious ethical question, and affects society in significant ways. Especially, the computer crime is a growing threat to society and is caused by the criminal or irresponsible actions of individuals who are taking advantage of the widespread use and vulnerability of computers and the Internet and other networks. It presents a major challenge to the integrity, safety, and survival of most business systems.

Edwin Sutherland coined the term ‘white-collar crime’ and defined it as “crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation.” (Black, 2010). While Sutherland focused on the perpetrator and his/her characteristics and roles in committing the crime, there were flaws within this definition in that it would not endure the progression of white-collar crime. By focusing on the individual and paying more attention to the actual crime, criminologist and scientist Herbert Edlehertz defined white collar crime as; “an illegal act or series of illegal acts committed by nonphysical means and by concealment and guile, to obtain money or property, to avoid payment or loss of money or property, or to obtain business or personal advantage.” (source) This is a significant modification because there is an increase in junior ranking individuals committing white-collar crimes. Although there are still convictions of executives, crime such as credit card fraud, forgery, identity theft, internet schemes and telemarketing fraud, do not necessarily require the perpetrator to be management personnel within a company. One other important shift in the understanding of white-collar crime, which this journal aims to contradict, is the notion that white-collar crimes are non-violent and are committed by people who are non-violent in nature. This journal’s purpose is to debunk this and discuss this misconception as it implies all white-collar crimes

For misconduct, crime, and criminalization in particular as it relates to white collar crime, there are the three main issues that must be addressed to show valid theory. The first is criminality. The criminality of white collar crime is the focus on an individual or organization’s motivation the situation that stimuluses and leads to the act of a white collar crimes. The theory is imparts the reason that makes a person commit a white collar crime. The second issue white collar crime theory must address is the explanation of a crime. In the case of white collar crime the situational factors play a much bigger role and most situations are not the same. When it comes down to this level of analyzing a white collar crime. Some of the factors

White-Collar Crime consists of occupational crime and corporate crime. Occupational crime refers to offences committed against legitimate institutions businesses or government by those with "respectable" social status. It includes the embezzlement of corporate funds, tax evasion, computer crime and expense-account fraud. It is not every day that we hear about white-collar crimes but these non-violent crimes are on the rise to the top. Federal Bureau of Investigation states that USA, for example recorded white collar crimes amounting $300 billion every year (Cornell University, 2010). White-collar crime is relatively a new idea. It has many aspects that are practical for study and further interpretation to clear some of its dark areas. White-Collar Crime was once introduced by Edwin Sutherland in 1939 during his speech in American Sociological Society. The following crimes actually performed are Bribery, Extortion, Insurance, Fraud, Embezzlement, Cybercrime etc. People who participate in these criminal activities are highly powerful and respectful among the society. The following activities include description about White-collar Crime, Investigation of White Collar Crime and The Consequences of committing a White-collar Crime.

In this paper the exciting criminal phenomenon known as white-collar crime will be discussed. Corporate Crime and Computer Crime will be discussed in detail. Crime preventative agencies such as the NCPC (National Crime Prevention Council) will also be researched. White Collar Crime The late Professor Edwin Sutherland coined the term white-collar crime about 1941. Sutherland defined white-collar crime as "a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation" (Siegel 337) White-collar crime includes, by way of example, such acts as promulgating false or misleading advertising, illegal exploitation of employees, mislabeling of goods, violation of weights and measures statutes, conspiring to

The study of social science, criminology investigates the heart of crime, it’s causes, it’s preventative measures, it’s reason for occurrence and society’s attitudes towards crime. White collar crime occurs in the world and many criminologists struggle to reach a compact definition of the crime. For the purpose of this paper, Edwin Sutherland’s definition (1939) will be utilized to help the reader - “white collar crime constitutes crimes committed by a person of high standing and social status in the course of their occupation”. It has an overwhelming negative impact on the community than ordinary crime and causes significant damage. Criminologists use ‘corporate crime’ and ‘white collar crime’ collectively and they are more or less equivalent

In this paper the exciting criminal phenomenon known as white-collar crime will be discussed. Corporate Crime and Computer Crime will be discussed in detail. Crime preventative agencies such as the NCPC (National Crime Prevention Council) will also be researched. White Collar Crime The late Professor Edwin Sutherland coined the term white-collar crime about 1941. Sutherland defined white-collar crime as "a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation" (Siegel 337) White-collar crime includes, by way of example, such acts as promulgating false or misleading advertising, illegal exploitation of employees, mislabeling of goods, violation of weights and measures statutes, conspiring to

In accordance with many decades of cyber evolution, a cybercrime is shown in different ranges of crimes, which depend on the spread of technology and law. From the introduction of computer in the 1960s to the rise of personal computer in 1980s, cybercrime began to appear. The crimes can vary from piracy of software to patent-related crimes. This caused a surge in the introduction of relevant legislation in many countries and international organizations involved. In late 1990s, when Internet and transnational crimes were born, the international community cooperated in many instances such as the passing of the UN General Assembly Resolution 45/121 in 1990 and the manual for the prevention and control of computer-related crimes issued in 1994. Despite all the

This paper will begin by explaining what white collar crime in its introduction. The paper will then explain the distinct types of white collar crimes, after that different case study’s will be presented from the book to give examples of the diverse types of white collar crimes. After that the paper will talk about the diverse ways to combat white collar crimes while also going over the challenges law enforcement face when fighting white collar crime. Finally, the author will give his conclusion on white collar crime.

Cybercrime has become a fast growing concern for the 21st century as businesses, institutions and individuals grow into an interconnected web of computer networks. Online business transactions, along with the sharing of personal information, are vulnerable to a host of disasters that can reap economic and social havoc. Some sources say that today, cybercrime costs more than $1.0 trillion to society--Global Industry Analysts, Inc. forecasted the world cyber security market to reach $80 billion by 2017 (Gale, 2011).