What Triggers Could Cause The Outbreak / Further Escalation Of Conflict?

The divide between the North and South of Nigeria and different ethnic groups who ultimately had the same goal in sight, to rise to power, resulted in a civil war in July 1967, 7 years after Nigeria gained independence from the United Kingdom. There were many reasons for the civil war and the main reasons being the response to the divide of the southern state Biafra from Nigeria. Also, the conflict came from religious, ethnic and political tensions. Furthermore, before the civil war, ‘Nigeria empowered a military regime that endured from 1966 to 1979 and from 1983 to 1999, in order to “protect” its citizens’ civil liberties and boundaries’ (Nnamani, 2004). One could make the claim that as a result of decolonization, they now felt unsafe. One could undoubtedly agree that the role of decolonization in Nigeria caused many more problems than it

Development in any society is meant to positively impact the lives of the people through advancing in terms of social and economic status. Ideally development brings about opportunities for the people but when these opportunities are hindered due to the fact that one belongs to a certain ethnic group, then development is blocked. Existence of various ethnic groups in a country does not necessarily mean conflicts, but when competition among these groups arises, then conflict is inevitable (Alemayehu, 2009). In

Political violence in violence outside of state control that is motivated by politics. The three main explanations for political violence are institutionally, ideationally, and individually. An institutional explanation focuses on how institutions of the state contribute to political violence. Ideationally, political violence can be explained by political or even religious ideas or beliefs. Individual motivated political violence focuses on the internal factors that make individuals seek out violence. Political violence can be sponsored by state organizations and non-state organizations and can target both civilians and the state itself. Some factors that play into political violence are ethnicity, nationalism, religion, ideology, political

This essay will address important question of “what are key triggers of violent conflict in the Middle East and Asia and how can the Intelligence Community (IC) improve its collection and analytical efforts in regard to these issues?”

The Nigerian-Biafran Civil War remains a touchstone for twenty-first century Nigeria. For Igbo Nigerians, the failed secession of Biafra is a historical moment that informs the collective consciousness of more than 27 million people. Survivors, historians, and human rights groups describe the massacres of Biafra as genocide. Depending on the historical document, reports of the dead range from 50,000 to 100,000 Igbo men, women, and children. Numerous combatants and non-combatants were killed by violence; still many more were killed by starvation. Life Magazine’s July 12, 1968 cover “Starving Children of Biafra War” and the iconic photographs of Don McCullin documented the travesty of the civil war, seemingly happening out of the view of the

It has been establish that a country with abundant ethnicity does not mean that it is fated to be in conflict. Nigeria

It can be challenging to adequately explain why political violence occurs, but several political scientists have created theoretical explanations to help in the process. These explanations include the relative deprivation theory, cultural explanations, structural or institutional explanations, and primordialism. I personally believe that relative deprivation offers the most leverage in explaining why political violence occurs because it takes into account the variance of political violence and shared characteristics across human nature.

What was the reason for the death of more than five hundred million people? What created seas of bloodshed in Europe? What were the causes and circumstances? The Second World War hides many things about both man?s greatest achievements and his biggest regrets. It was a battle for land, power, and sometimes total control of more and more countries. However, the war was not ended by the brave soldiers, nor did they do the biggest difference. What really ended the war and set it on the final track were some inventions that are still being used today. Although many people think it was the military forces that saved the allies and defeated every other enemy, the true factors that concluded the Second World

Many young North Africans struggle to find a cultural identity that fits them. There are several reasons that this is issue is so prevalent in North Africa. Many aspects of the foreign involvement that North Africa has been subjected to have impeded the regions ability to forge national identities. The results of this lack of identity have been varied and, while some young North Africans have turned to destructive behaviors, others have made the most out of their situation. Against all odds, many young North Africans have found ways of creating their own cultural identities and communities. Though cultural identity is not something that is effortlessly attainable in North Africa, the young people have found methods of connecting with each other and their countries.

Civil wars arise from many causes, all of which are dominated and resistant to change. In order to suggest possible ways of preventing civil wars before they start, it involves finding conclusions of these causes, which is, impossible. Countries all over the globe have had, or are still facing, long running civil wars. To further explain , civil wars happen within a country or state between organized groups (Freeland, Valerie POLI 220, November 16: Civil Wars). Through class readings and topics discussed in lecture, many causes have been argued for these civil wars. Some of these causes include; greed versus grievance, small arms and democratization. While further analyzing these causes it is found through the research that they are dominant and resistant to change, and that the prevention of these civil wars are impossible. Many reasons for this are due to the youth unemployment and their involvement in gangs, trade amongst nations, greed versus grievance, and armed control. Ideas about these causes were explored to overcome a better explanation of the violence being held. There are many cases as well, when civil wars end peacefully, but due to their fragility they relate back to violence, and possibly to a greater degree. Civil wars are nearly impossible to prevent as the causes for them are unpreventable in many underdeveloped countries.

The overwhelming civil war in Syria is seemingly one of the major conflicts in recent times. It got the attention of most countries in the world. The crisis wakes the interest among researchers and induces them to take a close look at the effect of the crisis on the economic growth in Lebanon.

Inter-ethnic conflict is one of the major problems facing most Kenya community and mostly the nomadic communities. Inter-ethnic conflicts involving pastoralists have become widespread and increasingly severe in the northern region of Kenya. Conflict has often resulted in severe disruption of social and economic development. It has also constrained efforts to reduce or end poverty and sustain basic human rights. There has been a recurrence of violence where peace agreements have been sealed and an escalation of violence where conflicts have hitherto been latent.

Ellsworth (1999) stated that “ethnicity and religious affiliation are the two highest ranked identity makers for a vast majority of Nigerians than other indices such as state, national, ECOWAS and African identity”. His research revealed that “northerners are more inclined towards religious identification, and southerners are likely to rank ethnicity first, ethnicity was discovered to be the second highest ranked identity country-wide after religion, with state and national identity coming third and fourth, respectively” (Ellsworth, 1999). This finding introduces a complex dimension to the Jos crisis since the indigenes are predominantly Christians and the settlers, are mostly

Despite the efforts of the peace agreement has been made in some areas of conflict, but sporadic and small-scale conflict still occur. Malino Declaration 1 in 2001, which is mediated by JusufKalla, Minister of people’s welfare coordinator at that time intended to stop all conflicts and strife in Poso (Tempo, 2001).However, not long after the peace treaty, the violence began to happen again with the aim of committing terror to the community in which the combatant started doing assaults, bombings, and shootings mysteriously. Similarly,the Malino 2 Peace Agreement in 2002 which became a milestone in the cessation of a conflict in Ambon, Maluku that has lasted for 36 months (Siwalimanews, 2012), butthe uncertainty violence incidents still continue. Even riot occurred in 2004 that led to 40 killed (Brown et al,

Although declaration of Kibaki as the duly elected president is what sparked the violence, Waki report and other agencies examined deep-seated issues which played a central role in causing the violence and these include; first is the culture of impunity in the country and politicization of