What Was The Fourth Crusade 1202

The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II in response to a call for aid by the Byzantines. The resulting army swept through Asia Minor and into the Near East conquering several cities along the way. Upon the successful conquering of the region, the crusaders divide the land among themselves forming four crusader states: County of Edessa, Principality of Antioch, County of Tripoli, and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. This takeover and dividing of territory is incredibly similar to what occurs in the fourth crusade. Upon conquering Constantinople in April of 1204, the crusaders proceed to divide the land among themselves much like they did earlier. They divided the land

The Crusades were a religious war that was fought over the Christian control of Holy Lands. Pope Urban II initiated the war in the 11th century to try and take back control over the Holy Lands from the Muslims. There are eight official crusades that did not achieve their goal of gaining control. The Crusades lasted for nearly two centuries, and the effects can still be seen to this day. The Crusade began after Pope Urban II gave a speech to the community asking them to help. When Pope Urban II gave his speech he wanted to aid the Byzantines with recapturing the Holy Lands, reduce warfare in Europe, and strengthen the church; however, the situation transformed into the robbing and killing of the innocent, the pillaging of the Byzantine

In 1095 CE Pope Urban II launched the First Crusade to recapture the Holy Land of Jerusalem, and restore Christian supremacy in Anatolia (modern day Turkey) and the Levant (Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Jordan, and the Sinai Peninsula) (First Crusade). The cause for such an aggressive movement in the region is debated amongst historians. However, mainstream theories assert that the First Crusade was a direct result of rising Islamic confrontation in Anatolia (The First Crusade). Christians had not been in control of the Holy Land for over 400 years (Timelines of History). Though, as Islam crept into Europe through Spain and the East, Christian grip on Europe was threatened, and thus, the First crusade was launched (First Crusade).

The Crusades were the first tactical mission by Western Christianity in order to recapture the Muslim conquered Holy Lands. Several people have been accredited with the launch of the crusades including Peter the Hermit however it is now understood that this responsibility rested primarily with Pope Urban II . The main goal of the Crusades was the results of an appeal from Alexius II, who had pleaded for Western Volunteers help with the prevention of any further invasions. The Pope’s actions are viewed as him answering the pleas of help of another in need, fulfilling his Christian right. However, from reading the documents it is apparent that Pope Urban had ulterior motives for encouraging engagement in the war against the Turks. The

The Crusades were a series of holy wars that began in 1095 CE. These wars were fought between Christians and Muslims to gain control over the sacred land. The Turks moved into the middle east during the early part of the 11th century CE. Most of the Turks served the Islamic armies and would invade land rapidly using combat forces. This alarmed the Greek emperor and caused him to seek out Pope Urban II and ask for mercenary troops to confront the Turks. The Pope called a council and had 300 attendees to show up. During this council, the Pope made a plea to free the Holy Land, which received an enthusiastic response. After this, Pope Urban II promptly waged war against the Muslims and took armies of Christians to Jerusalem to try and

The First Crusades was a military group that was started by Christians in Europe who wanted to gain back the Holy Land that was being occupied by the Muslims. Pope Urban II preached a sermon at Clermont Ferrand on November 1095. Most histories consider this speech to be the spark the fueled a wave of military campaigns to gain back the Holy Land. This speech was meant to unite the Europeans and to gain back what was taken from them. The holy land was a small area on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. The First Crusades was a very successful military expedition that was driven by religious faith to reclaim Jerusalem and other holy places that fell under Muslim control. driven by religious faith. They wanted to gain back the Holy Land that was once theirs. Arabs and the Muslim Turks otherwise known as the Seljuk Turks were the Muslims that invaded and conquered land rightfully occupied by the Christian’s. Many European men, women, and children joined the Crusades and fought in the Middle East. Pope Urban II granted forgiveness of all sins to those who died in battle thus assuring them ascendancy into heaven. Which gave those who volunteered to fight assurance. Nobles and peasants responded in great numbers to the call and marched across Europe to the capital of the Byzantine empire. Having the support of the Byzantine emperor helped make them a stronger army. The Crusaders took over many of the cities on the Mediterranean coast and built a large number of fortified castles across the Holy Land to protect their newly established territories. Soon after seizing power the Seljuks face a very different challenge to Islamic civilization. It came from Christian Crusaders. Knights from western Europe who were determined to capture portions of the Islamic world that made up the holy land of biblical times. Muslim political division and element of surprise made the first of the Crusaders assaults, between 1096 and 1099, by far the most successful. Much of

Pope Innocent III called a new Crusade in 1198. It was led by French knights. They were setting out for the Holy Land but was distracted by Venetian lords who told them to capture wealth and splendor of Eastern Orthodox Constantinople instead. The Crusades control Constantinople.

The Muslim ruler at that time Zangi had attacked and was capture on Christmas Eve 1144.We see that this second crusade was led by European king against Islam. Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany went across Europe separately and were defeated by the Seljuq Turks. What was left of the two armies marched on to Jerusalem and joined the attacked on Damascus. The Europeans crusade was unsuccessful, but a great victory for the Muslims. The Muslims continued to attack and capture land. However like the first Crusade the second crusade left a bloody

In 1096 the Knights Crusade started. It has been called such because it was under the leadership of famous knights. The Crusade's point was to capture the Holy Land, Jerusalem, back from the Mohammedans. The Knights' Crusade was the first Crusade, and the only truly successful one. In 1099 the Knights' Crusade captured Jerusalem, which remained in Christians control for almost 200 years.

By this time most of the crusaders had left to go home, and those who remained ad built four settlements. The purpose of these four settlements were to guard and govern conquered territory. These Crusader states were Jerusalem, Edessa, Antioch and Tripoli. However, the Muslim forces began gaining ground around 1130, and in 1144 Zangi who was the Seljuk general captured Edessa (northern Crusader states. By this time Pope Eugene III called for a second crusade, his call was answered by King Louis VIII and his wife Eleanor. Louis was a very religious man and he wanted to honor the first crusaders and his goal was to take the cross and expand the Crusader kingdoms. Unfortunately, Louis had very little military experience, but he still set out with more than 30,000 crusaders to recapture the holy land. This journey took five months because they traveled through France to Asia Minor. This wasn’t a good strategy because by doing this they would pass through Turkish lands and therefore put themselves in danger. The Turks took advantage of this situation by attacking Louis’s group (there were two groups traveling). Louis and his wife were able to survive but there were thousands of crusaders that were killed. Louis decided that best approach would be to abandon his army to look for a new route. His original route was Edessa but he took the way of Damascus (Palestine) because it was closer to Jerusalem. Nur Al-Din who was the son of Zangi (Turkish General), went to unite all of the Muslims in preparation for the war. Even though Nur Al-Din was determined to take back Jerusalem it was Louis who made the first move in 1148. Nur Al-Din had a choice to take Damascus and if he did so he would have more power, (Aleppo and Damascus were the eastern part of the Crusader states. The results of the battle was that there were thousands of Muslims that were dead, the Damascus ruler begged Nur Al-Din to send his army. Louis had to make a

The fourth crusade did not hold as much power behind it as the others. In 1202, the crusaders made their way to the Holy Land lead by the French Knights. On their journey, they were side tracked by the Venetian Lords. These lords tried to convince them to take control over the Eastern Orthodox Constantinople. The Pope was not a Greek Orthodox ruler meaning that would make him selfish to want to rule another Christian

The Byzantine Empire never really recovered from the ransack caused by the war. The Fourth Crusade deeply angered Pope Innocent III, as the Crusaders had attacked their own fellow Christians. The Crusaders were by now unpopular and had yet to achieve their initial goal of regaining control of Jerusalem. Before his death in 1216, Pope Innocent III commissioned the Fifth Crusade to accomplish the mission of the Fourth, to free Jerusalem from Egyptian command. The Crusaders travelled to Acre in 1217 and joined the ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, King John was aware that attacking Jerusalem while Egypt was at full strength was not possible, so they collectively planned to take Egypt under Latin control, thus forcing the Muslims

Throughout 11th, and 12th century, the Catholic Church had a keen interest in the religious areas ruling the Holy Land, “ it must have been taken for granted in western Christendom that another major campaign to recover the Holy place would be attempted”. The Holy Land represented a critical historic point for the Christian Orthodox, and Islam on account of its religious monuments  and the power that accompanied the control of the city. To both religions, the significance of the city was essential, since Jesus and Muhammad were viewed as higher beings in Jerusalem, so pressures increased all through the Crusades' two hundred year permanence. With the Muslim religion on the rise in the Middle East and Asia Minor (Asia Minor, a peninsula also called Anatolia, comprises most of the Asian part of modern Turkey and the Armenian highland. ) growing gradually, the Catholic Church discovered themselves in exigent circumstances where they were losing money, support, and territory. The goals of the fourth Crusade were systematically altered through underhanded arrangements that resulted in Venice controlling the Crusaders. Bending them to obey the will of Doge Enrico Dandolo and changes in power that brought about Constantinople being vanquished

By way of background leading to the Pope’s call at Clermont, the Emperor of the Byzantine Empire asked Pope Urban II to help drive the Muslims out of the Holy Land, hence the historic speech, in 1095, the Pope gave at the Council of Clermont. The Knights of Europe were promised forgiveness of their sins if they went on the crusade to rescue the Holy Land. An army of Knights, nobles and ordinary people re-captured Jerusalem in 1099. Many more crusades would follow but they were not as successful as the first crusade. For instance, many writers, such as Fulcher of Chatres, wrote about the crusades, which he was a part of. He wrote of how brutal and bloody they were and that many Crusaders committed acts of murder under the name

Out of revenge and urge of desire, Pope Innocent II called for the Fourth Crusade in 1198. The original plan was a military conquest to reconquer Jerusalem through Egypt, as Muslim held much power in that region. From 1202 to 1204 the Fourth Crusade took a bizarre turn to the attack of fellow Christian regions through alliances, poor calculations, and series of decisions with the goal of sacking Jerusalem that ultimately led to the sacking of Constantinople in 1204.