What is Hyperlipidemia?

A higher level of fats in the body puts the patient at higher risk for Cardiovascular diseases(CAD). The patient's' family has a history of CAD. Her mom and one of her sister have CAD (Lewis et al., 2014, pp. 733-734). The patient states that she has been taking her meds for cholesterol atorvastatin regularly. Her lipase level was 8272 on 11/11/16 and 2829 on 11/12/16 U/L 1069 on 11/13/16 (Ref range 73-393 U/L). Her HDL cholesterol level was 21 ( ref range>49 mg/dl), LDL Cholesterol level 148 ( ref range: <130 mg/dL). Patient statin drug was on hold because it is contradicted on the patient with an elevated level of ALT 80, 61(Ref range 0-50 U/L) and AST 61 on 11/12/16 and 64 on 11/13/16 (ref range 0-45 U/L). The uncontrolled level of could be the cause of concern for stroke or acute myocardial

They are many treatments for treating high cholesterol. Many people, making changes to their lifestyle doing activities such as eating better, losing weight, and exercising will be enough to lower cholesterol meanwhile others may benefit from medicines. They’re not much side effects from medications used to treat high cholesterol. Statins are the number one drug used to treat high cholesterol. Statins can lower the risk of heart attack or stroke. Other medications can improve cholesterol levels, but they have not been proven to lower the risk of a heart attack or a stroke. Statin side effects can be uncomfortable, making it seem like the risks outweigh the benefits of these powerful cholesterol-lowering medications. (Mayo Clinic Staff) Side effects of statin is muscle pain and damage, liver damage, digestive problems, rash or flushing, increased blood sugar or type 2 diabetes, and neurological side effects.

He has never been on any statin therapy. His most recent lipids were done in January showing total cholesterol 213, triglycerides 172, HDL 61, LDL is 118.

From the electronic database searches, several articles were appropriate. The first, "Vitamin D deficiency and depression in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis", was designed to find a relationship between Vitamin D and depression (Anglin, Samaan, Walter, & McDonald, 2013). Although, limited by the lack of random control trials, the data was presented in a uniform and consistent manner (Anglin et al., 2013). The results were in line with their goal, finding that low Vitamin D levels did correlate with increased depression (Anglin et al., 2013). Second, Meehan, and Penckofer, provided their inductive, exploratory opinion of "The role of Vitamin D in the aging adult" (2014). Although, the study was short and depression symptoms were self-reported, it, nevertheless, showed a correlation between low levels of Vitamin D and depression symptoms (Meehan, & Penckofer, 2014). The third article, "Vitamin D supplementation to prevent

Vitamin D plays a critical role in many normal bodily functions as well as fighting against a wide number of health barriers. In an article by Jacqueline Kanopa, studies revealed that exposure to ultraviolet rays play a huge part in Vitamin D production, as well as having preventative effects on a disorder known as rickets; which leads to weakened bones due to lack of Vitamin D. This study supports the belief that exposure to UV rays play a critical role in Vitamin D production, and can be beneficial to those prone to certain

Current guidelines state that ezetimibe,is considered the best alternative for LDL reduction and tolerability in statin-intolerant patients and considered an adjuvant in this trial. The primary end point was percentage change from baseline to week 12 in LDL cholesterol. Other end points included measures of safety and tolerability of different doses of AMG145 and AMG145 plus ezetimibe. Other objectives included assessment of the safety and tolerability of 3 different doses of AMG145 and AMG145 plus ezetimibe compared with placebo plus ezetimibe. One hundred sixty patients were randomized into 5 groups, to take AMG 145 as monotherapy once a month at 280mg, 320mg and 420mg, to take AMG 145 420mg once a month with ezetimibe 10mg daily or placebo once a month with ezetimibe 10mg daily. At week 12 the AMG 145 groups had a percent change of blood levels of LDL from baseline from -40.8 % to -50.7 % dose ascending monotherapy and -63.0% with combination with ezetimibe versus -14.8% with combination of placebo and ezetimibe. Reduction in total cholesterol percentwise was from -29.8 % to -37.7 % dose ascending monotherapy and -43.3% with combination with ezetimibe versus -10.7% with combination of placebo and ezetimibe. The overall incidence of all adverse effects was similar among patients receiving

After looking at my analysis I was surprised because there I was lacking a lot of vitamins and minerals. Without minerals, our bodies wouldn’t be able to function which is why I was worried when I saw my reports. I was lacking vitamins such as Vitamin A where my intake was 392.53 mcg when it’s supposed to be at a high 700.00 mcg. I also barely had one of the most important vitamins in my body, Vitamin D. Being one of the most important vitamins to our body a Vitamin D deficiency is not healthy for the body in any way possible. Restraining from Vitamin D can cause problems such as fatigue, hair loss, depression, anxiety, bone weakness, and being prone to more diseases because your body isn’t fighting off the illnesses brought in from the outside. Aside from lacking vitamins, I’m also lacking a good number of minerals. The recommended amount of Calcium is about 1,000mgs, but my intake fell under 454mgs. Calcium is one of the most important minerals for the human body for the bones to grow stronger to prevent diseases such as osteoporosis, which is commonly found in women after the age of 50. Osteoporosis is a common disease where the bones become weak from loss of tissues around the bone structure. Not only is osteoporosis caused by lacking Calcium, but is also caused by Vitamin D deficiency, which are two things that my body lacks. If I don’t increase my vitamin/mineral intake it could be a huge determent to my

Metabolic Syndrome, also known as Syndrome X and insulin resistance syndrome, is becoming increasingly prevalent in our country. To be diagnosed with Metabolic Syndrome, an individual must have three of the five conditions that constitute this syndrome. The conditions are hyperlipidemia, hypertension, high fasting blood glucose levels, as well as a large waistline, or obesity. These five conditions are interrelated and play significant roles in the formation of Metabolic Syndrome, which increases risk of developing cardiovascular disease, stroke, and diabetes. Metabolic Syndrome also leads to other health problems and is primarily considered a non-transmissible condition. The innate immune system responds to Metabolic Syndrome by producing

Many side-effects must be understood and prevented throughout the use of statins. The most severe side-effect is rhabdomyolysis, which is characterized by damaging of the skeletal muscle which leads to the release of muscle proteins into the blood (3). Statin induces rhabdomyolysis that can be acute, subacute, or chronic, and may be permanent despite dose reduction or substitutions (4).

Determine if the addition of ezetimibe to statin therapy will further decrease LDL and adverse cardiovascular events.

Albeit the mechanisms of statin-induced skeletal myopathy have not been determined, they may be associated with oxidative stress, ubiquinone deficiency and apoptosis. The risk of muscular adverse effects is increased by the use of higher doses, concurrent use of fibrates (other type of cholesterol-lowering drugs), certain viral infections, surgery, trauma, hypothyroidism and other conditions.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex condition that comprises of at least three of five of the following medical conditions: abdominal or central obesity, elevated blood pressure (HBP), elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high serum triglycerides (TG) and low high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels[1]. Metabolic syndrome is also commonly known as Syndrome X, insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) and Reaven's syndrome (named after Gerald Reaven). MetS has been defined by many organizations such as the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III)[2], the International Diabetes Federation (IDF)[1], and the World Health Organization (WHO)[3]. However, the common denominators are insulin resistance and abdominal

To conclude, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the cardiac sarcomere disorder, has been brought to the forefront of our attentions due to its rare yet fatal effects in young athletes; however, it is frequently asymptomatic and relatively common. In most cases, HCM will have no bearing on the person’s quality of life or lifespan. However, a minority, particularly young athletes, may be of an exception, with the myocardial disarray and thickened ventricular wall leading to complications. Dr Tom Riddington of the Guardian quotes: “since the 19th century more than 80 footballers are known to have died suddenly while playing, all young men, all otherwise apparently fit and healthy.” This highlights its significance with relation to sudden

Statins are recommended as a first-line therapy for the management of lipid disorders, particularly elevations in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In the 1950s and 1960s, it became obvious that elevated concentrations of plasma cholesterol represent a major risk factor for the development of heart disease, which led to the quest for drugs that could reduce it.

Hypolipidemia, also called low blood cholesterol is a cholesterol disorder in which there is a diminution in cholesterol-containing lipoproteins, in other words, there is an abnormally low level of fat in the blood. This condition may be due to either primary or hereditary factors or secondary factors. Unlike hyperlipidemia, that is, high blood cholesterol, hypolipidemia is frequently seen as not much of a threat compared to the former as it is a great risk factor to atherosclerosis among other diseases. It may be induced from there that possessing low cholesterol levels is significantly always better than the adverse, but this is not entirely true. It may be less common; however having low blood cholesterol that is below the normal level may too lead to pathology. There are studies that all commonly show links between low blood cholesterol and signs of severe depression and anxiety leading to violent and even suicidal behavior among people compared to those with higher cholesterol levels.