In what ways and with what success did Nehru deal with the economic and social problems facing India?
Jawaharlal Nehru, leader of the Indian National Congress and later India’s first prime minister, led the Congress Party to victory in India’s first three general elections. Nehru was born in 1889, educated in England and then returned back to India. In the 1920´s he travelled around India and was alarmed by the Indian people suffering from poverty and oppression. Inspired by his travelling around the world he had an idea that socialism could be the solution to the economic and social problems in India. Mohandas Gandhi was his close confidant and successor. For Nehru human rights and liberty were valuable ideas, which inspired his ideas of
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It was said that treating people as ‘untouchables ‘ will lead to prosecution, but still only few people were charged.
The reality was worse than expected, as the progress in removing the discrimination was very slow. In rural areas, acts of brutal violence against scheduled castes continued to occur.
The issue of gender equality in India furthermore alarmed Nehru. During the partition of India, thousands of women were killed, raped, abandoned or forcibly married to their abductors. An approximate amount of 75 000 women were taken from Muslim, Sikhs and Hindu groups. The government decided to bring the women back to where they belong, and by 1948 Indian authorities had located 12500 women and restored their families. 6 years later the forcible repatriation was abandoned. By many religious groups women were perceived as weak and subsidiary. Male domination was easily seen in society, male could marry a few women who had no right to divorce. Daughters received dowry when they were getting married, but they had no right for any kind of inheritance after receiving it. As a result women became very dependent on men. Nehru saw this urgent problem and included gender equality in the constitution. In 1950’s Nehru introduced the Hindu Code Bill, stating women as equal in the Indian society. Consequently Nehru was facing opposition from Hindu traditionalists and Conservative members of Congress, who were saying that the
In Jawaharlal Nehru: Marxism, Capitalism and India’s Future (1941) the prime minister talks about how he grew addicted to political matters of india and western countries.
Mahatma Gandhi: Gandhi was born in Porbandar, India in 1869 and died in 1948. He was western educated, specifically trained in England. Although he was a nationalist, he was anti-modern because he was skeptical to industrialism. He believed in the ideal of satyagraha, the non-tolerance of evil, but also the understanding that violence is not the answer to that evil. He also believed in non-violence. He did not cooperate with anything British, specifically trading with the British, British schooling or products, and even paying taxes to the British. He served as a civil rights activist after being thrown off a train when refusing to move from his seat in first class. He became the leading member of Congress Party in the 1930’s and shortly after participated in the March to Sea for salt during the British imposed salt tax. Every single aspect of Gandhi’s life was peaceful, if the people around him decided to disobey and use violence as a means of getting what they wanted, Gandhi would take it upon himself to fast. He was eventually assassinated by a Hindus
Throughout modern history, Britain’s exponential growth inevitably affected the future of many nations in the contemporary world- in particular, the culturally intertwined state of India. Even in the initial stages of colonisation, India was forcefully occupied by the British East India Company; however, it was not until 1858 that a dictatorship was officially announced and the nation was forced to regard England as 'the true homeland'. Amidst societal unease and a growing discontent with the British rulers by the poor peasants, India's emancipation seemed inevitable in order for the nation to truly progress. In effect, a revolutionary leader spawned; Mohandas Gandhi. His great philosophical mind held innovative ideas which were instrumental in the achievement of Indian Independence- with his thoughtful ideologies and beliefs paving the way for oppressed Indians to ultimately unite against British imperialism. Consequently, this resulted in the monumental Satyagraha campaign that triumphed successfully against the British authorities.
This idea that men were the more powerful ones continued through history, during the time of British and American colonialism. In India even before the British arrived, there was oppression occurring towards the women of that nation because of religion. It played a large part in the inequality, because at the time, Islam and Hinduism both required women to play a submissive role in a relationship and left them with little to no rights. Females were seen as lesser human beings and practices such as “Sati...the act burning alive the widow of a Hindu man,...female infanticide, and child marriage” occurred, all of which was detrimental to whichever females were involved. Gender oppression was maintained because of the caste system, which was a patriarchal system that was used all throughout India, giving all power to men,
Gandhi was an Indian nationalist leader who was born in India and was the son of the chief minister in western India.
Mahatma Gandhi was an inspirational and peaceful activist for Indian rights. Gandhi developed a peaceful and harmful way to fight for basic human rights “Gandhi developed his philosophy of “Satyagraha,” or resistance through non-violent civil disobedience to defend his rights and the rights of all Indians and non-whites.” (Gandhi’s Legacy). Gandhi encouraged many people to use more peaceful manners such as riots and fasting. Gandhi used his motivational skills to inspire people to stand up for their rights “He encouraged others to defend their rights in this manner, and to work together to end racial injustice in South Africa.” (Gandhi’s Legacy). Gandhi’s motivational skills and political skills were most important when it came to encouraging others to help fight back. These skills paid off and he was able to gather
Mohandas Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 in Porbandar India to a Hindu father and Jainist mother. His very religious mother was a practitioner of Vaishnavism (worship of the Hindu god Vishnu). Influenced by his mother's beliefs Gandhi was governed by self-discipline and nonviolence. He soon got married and sailed off to study law. When Gandhi returned he was in shock of what had happened to India, in just 1 year. Gandhi's beliefs never changed and he still strongly believed in self-discipline and nonviolence. He wanted to make a change in India’s cultures. And that’s exactly what he did, he made the change he saw in the world. Gandhi used many tactics to get India's independence, such as Civil disobedience, embracing the enemy, and acceptance of jail time.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi and Ho Chi Minh are the leaders of national independent movements from late 19th to early 20th century. Both of them defeated the colonial rulers and won national independence. This paper will talk about the influences of ideas and circumstances, the goals that they wanted to get and the historical significance of their behaviors.
Mohandas Gandhi was born in 1869 in the Indian coastal city of Porbandar (Background Essay). He then studied law in London, where he noticed that Indians were expected to imitate their rulers, the Englishmen (Background Essay). Gandhi wanted all people to live free, even those imposed by India’s caste system so he decided to take action in a peaceful manner (Background Essay). By doing so he was able to gain India’s independence in 1947 (Background Essay). This caused Gandhi to be known as “ Mahatma” or “ Great Soul” because he was able to do it without violence (Background Essay). Gandhi’s nonviolent movement worked because he accepted the consequences to his actions, strived for fairness to all mankind, and didn’t think of the British as enemies.
Reviews the amendments of the 1868 Indian Act, highlighting the conflicts of superiority of rights to Indian men over women. Discusses the avoidance of violence and discrimination against women within communities and the need for an equal relationship between genders
An analysis of example can be derived from the aforementioned discriminatory sexist roles in India that prior to globalization highly favored the male population verses the female population. The female population in India has previously been less than second class citizens. Indian women's cultural roles have been previously defined by traditional customs that are centuries old and no longer apply in this day and age. Previous to globalization, Indian women were to take total domestic responsibility. They were not allowed formal education as the majority of teachers and pupils were male, and the chances of a female remaining chaste was slim in those settings, and related to tradition, females
Recent feminist historiography by scholars like Urvashi Butalia has demonstrated that amid Partition, abducting women from the other group turned into a typical approach to shame the Muslim/Hindu/Sikh "other;" the apportionment of ladies from the other group was an approach to influence the collective honor, religious sentiment and the physical propagation of that group. This was the condition of the state after Partition. Nationalist discourse not just developed women as agents of ethnic community and honor; they additionally just valorised the Hindu/Sikh woman who, under danger of assault or kidnapping, conferred suicide and in this way shielded her honor. As obvious in Chand's remark, it was the subjectivity of women who submitted suicide
Mahatma Gandhi is renowned all over the world for his nonviolent philosophies and impact upon civil rights. He was the primary leader of India’s move towards independence. Gandhi engineered a form of non-violent protest that would influence the world. He was born on 2nd October, 1869, in Porbandar, India. Gandhi studied law and advocated for the civil rights of Indians, and influenced many civil rights movements. Even after his death, Gandhi’s actions inspired future civil rights movements around the globe. He most notably impacted, civil rights movements in three regions of the world; South Africa, India and America.
Once Gandhi’s mission in South Africa was complete, he returned to India and became involved in the home ruling movement. He was concerned with excessive land tax and discrimination, so he organized protests by peasants, farmers, and urban laborers to help them stand tall and fight for what they deserved (Gold 57).
Traditionally, an Indian woman had only four roles and those were; Her role as a daughter, wife, sister, and lastly, a mother. The women in today’s time however are experiencing far reaching changes and are entering into new fields that were unknown to them. They are actively participating in social, economic and political activities. Unlike the older times, women today have received higher education.