What's Gone Wrong with the Third Italy

The article discusses how Italy economists and sociologist have been talking about the ratio of the elderly to the young. The have few younger workers that will have to pay social security contributions for every growing number of longer-living elderly. The massive number of eastern Europeans, African and Asia immigrates have flooded into Italy helping with this serious problem. In the past the Italian government was relented to have immigrates but now they are the reason for the rising birthrates. Italian women especially working women are reluctant to have even one, let alone a second child due to the global recession. Incentives are offered for women who have a child.

The political structure of the Italian peninsula prior to 1861 was that of a fragmented group of small kingdoms and

Small businesses are the backbone of national economy and play a leading role in innovations as well as in creating jobs. Small business has the intrinsic needs to growth. Obvious contributions of the growth of small businesses include the increased return on investment and job creation. The interesting and valuable question is how small business grows and are all small businesses growing? It is no surprise that the growth of business is a core topic both in organization theory and entrepreneurship, both are interested in the process and causes of business growth. Stages of growth models, which assume that business go through some distinct stages from birth to maturity, have been the most popular theoretical approach in academic to understand small business growth. Although the stages model of growth has been criticized for being too sequential and linear which is unrealistic and inconsistent with empirical evidence (e.g. Phelps et al., 2007; Levie and Lichtenstein 2010), various new stages models of business growth have been developed since the 1960s.

On June 1946, 54 percent of Italians had voted to abolish the royal monarchy and they royal family is expelled from the country to avoid uprisings. Now, they had to create an Italian Constitution, in which was put into the hands of the Constituent Assembly. This Assembly was made up of the Christian Democratic Party, the Socialist Party, and the Communist Party. World War II caused high inflation in Italy and they did not stabilize their economy until 1947. However, once the economy was stabilized a time called the “Italian Economic Miracle” emerged. This time was of great economic growth and urbanization. Italy was in ruins after the second world war but it was given $1,5000 million from the US’ Marshall Plan. This was due to the fact they were seen as a democratic ally and the US was afraid a communist country would take Italy. This money allowed Italy to build up its steel industry which happened to come at a crucial time when the Korean war was in need of steel products which boosted the economy. This sudden expansion in industry made Italy a safe haven for immigrants. Due to the sudden influx of people, suburbs and cheap apartments became common. The common life for people became much better as products become cheaper and more

The country shares its land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia. Italy is made up of twenty regions, “and before Italian Unification in 1861, many of these regions were proudly independent,” (“Italy’s Regions”). Each region is unique in its own way and has it’s own history. The landscape varies throughout the regions. For example Venice is a large city made up of canals while Sardina has beautiful white sandy beaches and the snow filled mountains in Aosta are vastly different then the rolling hills in Tuscany. The individuality of the regions is what makes Italy so appealing (“Italy’s

Since the beginning of its existence as a country, Italy has faced enormous challenges in establishing itself as a unified political and social entity. The geographic, economic, and linguistic differences between its various regions and the artificial manner in which they were amalgamated created a legacy of internal divisions that continues to dominate the country's political climate to this day. Italy's numerous historical fiascoes, such as its disastrous involvement in the two World Wars and the rise of fascism, further escalated the domestic problems that had haunted it since the Risorgimento. At first, the anti-fascist Resistance movement, which dominated the end of World War II, seemed to

According to the 2017 Index of Economic Freedom (The Heritage Foundation), Italy is ranked 79th in economic freedom, whereas, the United States is ranked 17th. The economy status in Italy has faced many challenges including political and financial hardships. Since 2011, public debt has been on the rise and currently sets at more than 130 percent of GDP. (http://www.heritage.org/index/country/italy, 2017) Some of the opportunistic areas found in Italy include technologies, renewable energies, valuable consumer goods, and engineering products. (Capuano, 2011) The country has a population of 62 million and GDP of $2.2 trillion, which has shown continual growth over the past three years. Out of the total GDP, services make

Italy’s political structure was fragmented into several self-governed city-states. Chambers describes this situation as, “reincarnations of classical city-states and centers of freedom governed with consent of their citizens” (Chambers 412). In truth, the cities were ruled by the upper class or a group related to feudal nobility. Venice was controlled by a small oligarchy; while Florence was governed by the Medici family (Chambers 412).

Italy, in the beginning, was a tradition feudal system and in the feudal system there were three social classes the top level is all the religious leaders to teach bottom layer right and wrong, the middle layer is the nobles and nights they protected the land and found people to work the land, And the bottom layer is the peasants that worked the land for the nobles and nights. This started to change when merchants started to come up more, once looked down upon, now communities where built around their trading route. With merchants, this opened up new jobs and started to move people out of the feudal system. The rise of merchants was not all good because with all this trade especially overseas brought over rats that carried the Plague and the

How significant was the role of individuals in the making of modern Italy in the period c1800-1900?

Italy, positioned in southeastern Europe, is a beautiful country that is faced with high unemployment, corruption and massive debt. Although it appears to be one of the most developed countries in Europe, Italy is somewhat of a laggard in globalization. Ranking twenty-third in world population, Italy stands at 56,126,212 people as of July 2009. The north and south seem to be split in economic terms with the north being well developed industrially and the south facing high unemployment and poverty. Italy is a democratic republic that replaced a monarchy back in 1946. Although it ranks seventh in world GDP and public debt and attracts millions of tourists every year, its current debt to GDP ratio continues to skyrocket. World economists

Administrative differences in Italy are the most important to look at. The “constitution provides the basic freedoms of thought, speech, press and the right to work (Welcome to Italy)”. Furthermore, workers have the right to form and join unions as well as the right to strike. As a result labor unionization is very high; in 2002, 40 percent of Italy’s labor force was unionized (Italy - Labor). Geographic differences also increase the costs and risk of doing business. Italy is divided into geographic and administrative regions, some of which are autonomous and have different regulations (fig. 3). Generally however Italy is divided into two regions the Northern Region and the Southern Region. The north is characterized by high industrialization and urbanization while

Italy, despite its long history as a collection of territories, is one of the newest European countries (founded in 1861). As such, it was never a big powerhouse for incoming immigration, even pre-recession. The government never had an established model for integration or pluralism, and was not even

instability, as the nation tried to re-create the social bonds broken by the war and

Even though it has thousands of years of history, including having been the center of the Roman Empire, modern Italy is a fairly young nation. Prior to 1861, it was a network of independent city states and areas under