What´s Migraine Pathophysiology?

Mrs. Greene is a 52-year-old female here today for followup regarding her migraines and hypothyroidism.

The claimant testified she tried to work at a nursing home after June 30, 2016 but had a seizure on the job while lifting a patient and dropped him. She stated the job lasted two weeks. It was noted that the filing date of June 30, 2016 is the requested alleged onset and the ALJ notes that the consultative examiner, Dr. Bunting, said the effort on testing was poor. The claimant further testified that she had seven seizures last night. The seizures occurred between 8:00pm and 10pm according to witnesses. Dr. Applegate says the seizures are associated with her migraines. She cannot remember what medications she takes for migraines but has taken them for about eight months. It was noted the form says Depakote, Lexapro, Effexor, Amitriptyline

Have you ever had a headache before? If so then you’re probably familiar with the pounding pain that wouldn’t go away. As I write this, the pounding sensation on the right side of my brain is undeniable. It has been there for almost two years and has remained twenty- four hours a day, seven days a week. Chronic migraines have an impact on every aspect of life.

Though there has been advances in the treatment options for both acute and chronic migrane, patients are still suffering unnecessarily because of underuse of these medications[15,16]. After the preventive

The first theory is cortical spreading depression (6). A wave of decreased electrical activity of the nerves in a patient’s brain leads to a change in neural and vascular function (6). In response, an aura is present prior to a migraine. Furthermore, hyper excitability of trigeminal nerves activates the discharge of substance P, neurokinin, and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide, all of which are neuropeptides associated with inflammatory processes (8). These substances cause the release of pro-inflammatory mediators in the brain and for vasoconstriction then vasodilation to occur, leading to a migraine (4).

Many genetic factors are also clearly an indicative of the susceptibility to migraine headaches. While the exact mechanism remains uncertain, it is thought that migraines are caused by genetic abnormalities that cause hyper-excitability of the nervous system. The nerve terminals release neurotransmitters such as substance P, neurokinin A (NKA), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which then binds to the receptors on intracranial blood vessels, causing vasodilation, mast cell degranulation, increased vascular permeability and blood vessel edema, plasma protein extravasation, and sterile inflammation. The cranial nerves are then reactivated causing the pain experienced during a migraine.

Imagine walking into a room filled with screaming children, now the lights start to flicker as an electric shock runs through the air. That is what some people feel when experiencing a migraine. Even though migraines are a personal struggle for many people, migraines affect nearly one billion people worldwide.

Now, hundreds of years later, researchers are engaged in the continuing search for proof of the true pathogenesis of migraine and its cure. What has thus far been accepted is the rather vague definition of migraine headache as "a primary episodic headache disorder characterized by various combinations of neurological, gastrointestinal and autonomic changes" (1). Yet for its pervasiveness and deleterious effects, what do we truly understand about migraine headache? How is migraine related to other neurological dysfunction? Is there a cure? if so, how can it be found?

Introduction: Migraine is a chronic disorder of the brain with significant morbidity, as well as personal, familial and socioeconomically impact. It affects about 12 percent of the general population and affects three times more women than men. Migraine disability is related to the severity of attacks together with the number of attacks and number and type of coexisting morbidities. Migraine is a serious and widespread health problem and is considered the sixth highest cause of disability worldwide, while medication overuse headaches follow at eighteenth. By adding these two conditions together, headache becomes the third most common cause of disability worldwide. All migraineurs require acute care treatment, and up to 40 % of episodic migraineurs could benefit from preventive treatment; but few undertake it. All patients with chronic migraine should

I have extensively treated Hugo for Migraine disease since May 9, 2014. He has experienced severe thrashing migraines as of late 2013. When Hugo experiences these throbbing headaches, he may be subjected to dizziness, sensitivity to light, noise, and smells. I can testify from past consultations that he is extremely sensitive to light, and even physical movement. This explains why Hugo has missed a number of classes, due to the severe pain, sensitivity to light, and physical movement. I have conducted a number of neurological exams, along with several treatments and medications that have been impermanently favorable. Migraine is a neurological disease that is incurable, yet it can be successfully prevented and treated. Unfortunately, I have

A migraine is a cause of recurring attacks of pain to one side of the head or two sides of the head, depending on the individual. The pain is described as moderate to a severe throbbing or pulsing (MedlinePlus, 2016). It is more common among females compared to males (MedlinePlus, 2016). TL explained that she has always been having migraines before, but over the last month, there has been an increase of episodes. She stated that she had a migraine on for 6 days, this is considered pretty bad. Over what she had stated and explained to me, all her activities and lifestyle are considered factors and triggers that contributed to her migraine.

Chronic Migraine: Sharp stabbing pain begins at the back of the head, then moves over center top of the head in two parallel lines to the forehead. This pain is constant and only varies in intensity throughout the day. This condition also causes me to be sensitive to light, sound, smell and movement.

These spasms constrict the arteries and blood flow is reduced. As a result of this decrease in blood flow, platelet cells clump together, which causes the release of serotonin. Since serotonin causes the constriction of arteries, blood flow is reduced further, making the brain's oxygen supply decrease as well. Since the brain needs oxygen, some arteries will dilate to meet the brain's oxygen needs. This dilation will eventually spread outward through the brain and down the neck and scalp. Some scientists believe that this dilation causes the sensation of pain. (1) (3) (5) (6)

Additionally, there is no specific cure for migraine headaches. In addition, the goal in treating migraines is to treat migraines symptoms. Also, migraines can be treated with amitriptyline or venlafaxine. Furthermore, a migraine can be treated with blood pressure medicines such as propanolol. Researchers have also proven that migraines can be treated with seizure medicines such as valproic acid. (http://www.sciencedaily.com/news). In addition, when I read that you can treat a migraine with seizure medications, I thought that research finding was interesting to be aware of. Also, researchers stated that you could treat a

Migraine headaches are the result of a disturbance in the neurochemistry of the central nervous system. They are relatively common, affecting three times as many women as men. Migraine sufferers typically report a definite pattern to their headaches, and they can report what stimuli bring them on. Most migraine sufferers experience their first attack before the age of 20. There is no single cause of migraines, but the tendency to get migraines does tend to run in families. When a migraine occurs, it means that something has altered several of the neurotransmitter-sensitive receptors located on the outside surface of the nerve cells (neurons) so that the nervous system is no longer able to constantly maintain the natural balance that the