Minamata disease comes from ingesting mercury contaminated fish or shellfish. Minamata was a small fishing village in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. It is now considered a city, but was the sight of the most unhuman and environmental destruction cases in history. It started in the 1930s with a company that has been there since the 1907, the Chisso Corporation started to make acetaldehyde, which is used in some plastics. Acetaldehyde (C2H4O or CH3CHO) or Ethyl Aldehyde is sometimes referred as MeCHO. The company’s product waste spill into the village’s fishing bay, which bacteria turned the heavy mental into methyl mercury and later on organic form of methyl mercury chloride (CH3HgCl). The small village relied heavily on its income of …show more content…
A week later her younger sister was sent to the hospital with the same symptoms. Dr. Kaneki and Dr. Hosokawa examined the two sisters, and noticed their symptoms was the same as many others. They immediately notified Minamata public health center, and they sent their director Dr. Ito to interview the two mothers. Alien Smith was an investigative reporter, and interviewed the neighbors of these two little girls, and found out that they were regarded as highly intellect before the disease. Alien Smith also noticed that animals around the area, were acting very peculiar. They had the same symptoms as the two children, and some of them had jump right into the bay. Dr. Hajime Hosokawa from the Chisso hospital started to investigate the disease. He ran some test to find out if it was contagious or not, and where the main source was. He concluded that the source was the waste coming out of Chisso dumping sight, but he needed to test his theory. He gave the waste to numerous cats, and depending on the amount of waste, the cats symptoms escaladed and the final result was death. He concluded that ill patients and animals were eating the same fish from the bay that Chisso was dumping in. Unfortunately, Dr Hosokawa results were never made public until years after the incident. Alien Smith and other investigators accused Chisso Corporation of being the cause, so they stopped the dumping into the bay and moved it into the Minamata river delta instead. Chisso
An investigation was necessary to find the cause of the outbreak, and how to stop it from continuing to spread. The campus clinic was interested in testing the following nine patients: Sue, Jill, Anthony, Wanda, Maggie, Maria, Arnie, Marco, and Alvin. All of the students have similar symptoms and agreed to being tested except for Alvin.
Disease was introduced to Sydney cove when the first fleet arrived in Botany Bay on the 24th of January 1788. The outbreak of disease had many effects on both European and Aboriginal communities. Whilst many of the effects from the event have lingered over to today’s communities in many ways.
Endosymbiosis is the theory that eukaryotic cells were formed when a prokaryotic cell ingested some aerobic bacteria. The first step of the evolution of a eukaryotic cell is the infolding of the cellular membrane. This process takes place when the plasma membrane folds inwards and develops an envelope around a smaller prokaryotic cell. Once the smaller cell is engulfed, it becomes dependent upon its host cell. It relies on the host cell for organic molecules and inorganic compounds. However, the host cell also benefits because it has an increased output of ATP for cellular activities and becomes more productive. This ATP comes from the mitochondrion (the aerobe) that is engulfed.
Scientists have studied the impact of water borne pathogens over time. Just how dependent human life is on the waterways is one such question which arises. The study involves the effect of such pathogens on human life. This study was narrowed down to the area of the Chesapeake Bay in Virginia. The Chesapeake Bay each weekend is occupied for recreational use. Such activities as swimming, fishing, and body surfing are common place. Normally each year thousands of pounds of seafood are distributed from out of the bay. There is a vast amount of people who come to visit the area each year.
When the satellite crashes to Earth, the special team of four people that the government had previously selected, was called to this building. They had samples of the organism, which was found by other people at the crash site sent to the building. They were going to use this sample to research the organism. They hoped to find out what it was and how it killed all of the people who lived in the small town in Arizona. Everything was going well with the research, until the virus started eating through plastic containers and the sterile suits that the workers were wearing. After time, almost all of the workers who were in the building had been killed by this virus. The only person that lived out of the five people who were on the selected team was Mark Hall.
In David Sedaris’ “Plague of Tics” readers learn quickly about Sedaris’ OCD behaviors and how they affect not only himself but also the others around him. I have certain compassion towards Sedaris as I learned through the “Plague of Tics” we shared a connection relating between our views and past events. His family is clearly used to the odd behaviors but rather than being worried they tease him and think the tics are voluntarily practiced. Due to his unique routines annually his teachers make a point to meet with Sedaris’ mother. Every meeting, Mrs. Sedaris offers the teacher’s drinks evolving from scotch to sherry and entertains the teachers with exaggerated stories to lighten the seriousness of his actions. As Sedaris grows
Scientists studying fish in the Chesapeake Bay stated that they have discovered mycobacteria in some of the fish, causing ulcers, emaciation and sometimes death. The article also talks about this kind of mycobacteria having harmful effects on humans. People should be more careful about dealing with fish in the Chesapeake Bay. While the scientists are still studying and learning about this new discovery, they are also looking into and leaning towards prevention. According to the article, “Mycobacteria isolated from Chesapeake Bay fish”, “Studies are currently underway to
As the second part of this reflection paper, I selected a book ‘A Short History of Disease’ by Sean Martin. He is a writer and filmmaker also known for his other famous books like The Knights Templar, Alchemy and alchemists, the Gnostics. His films include Lanterna Magicka: Bill Douglas & the secret history of cinema. The most alluring thing which conceives me to cull this book is a history of the disease, as a medical professional, it's always tantalizing to know from where all these begins and this book reaches up to my expectations as it started from the first ever recorded disease in the history of mankind. He isn’t lying when he say this a history of the disease. He starts from the earliest bacteria to evolve on the earth, long before there was anything around to infect. This book is divided into seven chapters, each chapter describes the history of diseases in a particular era. Chapter One: Prehistory, Chapter Two: Antiquity, Chapter Three: The Dark and Middle Ages, Chapter Four: The New World, Chapter
Criteria D requires cognitive deficits in A1 and A2 are not caused by other central nervous system conditions (1), systemic conditions that are known to cause dementia (2) or substance induced conditions (3). The information that I have would lead me to believe that this clients condition is not related one, two or three of criteria D. Criteria E requires that the deficits do not occur exclusively during the course of delirium, which they do not (APA).
Canine Heartworm Disease is a serious and potentially fatal disease caused by the parasite Dirofilaria Immitis. The disease can infect over 30 species, including humans, however dogs are the definitive host.
They then discover that Julia and Ricky are serving as hosts who intended to infect Jack and Mae.The two, Jack and Mae, find a virus that can attack the bacteria, hoping to eliminate the swarm. They manage to introduce the virus to those serving as hosts and escape as the plant explodes from overheating and built-up methane gas. Later, Jack goes home to infect the children with the virus, hoping it will eliminate any of the nano-cameras that remain in his children. While he tries to be hopeful, he worries that he himself is infected and believes that they are aware of his concern. Jack then learns that Julia was to blame for the entire occurrence, and that she'd taken a step with no thought of what might happen to her own
For the entirety of the project the water had an awful scent. The water was a brownish or yellow color till the last time my group check on the ecosystem. The latest checkup, the water was clear. It turns out that the reason why the color was that color because the plant progressively throughout the project died. The coloring is from organisms breaking down the bacteria. The water turned clear because the bacteria was finally all cleared up. I was interested in how the beta fish that was in the same section of the ecosystem as the snail, played dead most of the time. From doing some research on this observation, it shows that this type of behavior is common. This happens because the beta fish might have a bladder disorder or the person
At first I met Leslie Hernandez, the Health Planner, who directed me to Shoua Shinde, the epidemiologist and "department detective", whose areas of expertise were biology, microbiology, biostatistics, and knowledge of communicable diseases ("Outbreak at Watersedge," 2004). She informed me that there were many people in the hospital with severe diarrhea and other symptoms and asked for my help in order to understand what is going on. She introduced me to Terry Tower, the public health nurse, who offered me to analyze and map the results of the interview for the first five patients. After mapping the results of five interviews I pinpointed a place to start, which was the Thompson Park, because all five people aside from the other activities and places went there on the same day to participate in Thompson Park cleanup. Then Shoua asked me to go to the park, to explore and take notes of what I think could be important. Meanwhile the number of reported cases increased to 20. In the park I met Mai, the Environmental Health Specialist, whose areas of expertise was toxicology, biology, chemistry, water
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are neurodegenerative diseases that are thought to be caused by the misfolding of prion proteins. Prions are able to replicate in the absence of nucleic acids. TSEs include: scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, kuru, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease, and Fatal Familial Insomnia. They can affect many different animals, including humans. Currently, there are no ways to diagnose, treat, or cure TSEs, as much more research is needed before these diseases are completely understood.
Encephalitis is a condition caused by viruses which cause the brain to become inflamed. There are two types of encephalitis one is called primary because the viruses affect the brain itself. Secondary is the viruses travel from some other part of the body that has been affect to the brain. When the virus reaches the brain it begins to multiply causing inflammation. The brain’s white matter can be destroyed. This destruction causes cell death, hemorrhage and edema. The edema begins to compress the blood vessels this causes intracranial pressure (Mayo Clinic, 2011).