What´s Osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder. It occurs when cartilage begins to break down or be worn away and the bone rubs together. As a result bony spurs and inflammation of the joint(s) occurs. Surrounding ligaments and muscles may also weaken or stiffen. Major risk factors are: genetics, excess weight, joint injuries, jobs that involve more than an hour of joint stressing activities like kneeling, and sports that involve direct impact on the joints, twisting, or throwing. Bleeding disorders, disorders that blood supply near joints, and other types of arthritis can cause osteoarthritis. Symptoms typically begin while one is middle aged and almost everyone shows some symptoms of OA by age 70. This is important to note because OA is seemingly inevitable for everybody. OA is not curable and typically gets worse with time, but the symptoms can be managed. Strength in weight bearing joints, the hip, the knee, and the ankle, is particularly important for prevention. Also important are not overusing joints and maintaining a normal body weight.

Jackson’s knee pain was a result of OA. 44% of the doctors (297) recommended TKR for Mr. Jackson. Participants that completed the racial IAT before making the TKR decision were more likely to recommend this option (50%) as compared to those who did the Racial IAT after making the decision (39%). Results from questioner of TKR recommendation during explicit using a 5-point Likert scale showed a bimodal distribution, highly related with the dichotomous measure (r =0.75;

In addition, regression analysis was used to determine independent variable among age, BMI, grip strength, sex and K/L grade for knee pain. The result indicated that the most significant variable was BMI correlated with the occurrence of knee pain. ORs of BMI (+5 kg/m2) was 1.54 and the risk was 0.60 which was significant. This implied that the ORs of K/L grade for knee pain can be overestimated due to the possibility of extremely low risk of K/L grade. In fact, the percentage of participants who suffered from knee pain with K/L (grade 2) and K/L (grade 3 and 4) was just 61.0% and 71.0% respectively. In other words, it will be about 40% of participants with K/L grade 2 and about a third of subjects with K/L grade 3 and 4 had no pain at the knee joint at follow-up.

1882).According to Lewis et al., researchers have not identify a single cause of OA, however, there are few factors that contribute to the development (p. 1881). Some factors are estrogen reduction to menopause women, genetic factors, obesity, overuse of knees by persistent exercise, and aging. In my patient’s case, aging and obesity led her to have OA. Her BMI is 34.1 which fall into category of obesity (see

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the protective cartilage on the ends of your bones wears down over time. Most people don't know they have it because the aches, tenderness, stiffness dont feel like arthritis until x-rays prove it. Just like regular arthritis, it affects the skeletal system. This is because it causes the bones to wear and then become stiff.Primary osteoarthritis, osteoarthritis not resulting from injury or disease, is mostly a result of natural aging of the joint. With aging, the water content of the cartilage increases, and the protein makeup of cartilage degenerates. Eventually, cartilage begins to degenerate by flaking or forming tiny crevasses.Secondary

Osteoarthritis (OA)50 is a synovial joint disorder and heterogeneous chronic disease affecting synovial joint tissues. The disease etiology involves various mechanical, biochemical and genetic factors.

In osteoarthritis, the cartilage at the end of bones wears down and produces rough, hard, edges of bone which cause trouble. This generally begins after 40, and 16 million in the U.S. have it. In rheumatoid arthritis, the cartilage at the end of bones is destroyed and is replaced with scar tissue. Then swelling occurs, and the joints may eventually fuse together. While osteoarthritis only affects individual joints, rheumatoid arthritis ultimately affects all synovial joints in a person's body.

Over the years, epidemiologic surveys have demonstrated positive associations between osteoarthritis (OA) and physically demanding occupations, certain sports, and obesity. Due to several factors, the association between OA and physical activity still remain a debate. For example, a number of studies have investigated and associate aerobic conditioning exercises and knee OA. However, the American College of Rheumatology applauds aerobic exercises as treatment for patients suffering from OA. The purpose of this retrospective cohort study is the investigate the associations among reported level of physical activity and radiographic and symptomatic knee OA.

Osteoarthritis indicates joint disorders, characterized by symptoms of pain and stiffness. It includes metabolic processes of destruction and reparation. Osteoarthritis is classified as primary (idiopathic) or secondary, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. primary OA of the knee is a process of degeneration of the articular surface occurs without an obvious underlying abnormality. The manifestations of OA arise from high stresses on the normal joints or normal stresses on weakened joints, increasing in severity and frequency with age. The most commonly affected joints with osteoarthritis are large, weight-bearing joints, such as the knee and hip, and also smaller joints in the hands, feet. Unfortunately, treating articular

Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disorder, and more than half of all Americans who are older than 65 have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis. However, recent US data has revealed knee osteoarthritis does not discriminate age, and there is growing evidence that osteoarthritis affects individuals at a young age. The annual cost of osteoarthritis due to treatment and loss of productivity in the US is estimated to be more than 65 billion dollars.1 With no cure currently available for osteoarthritis, current treatments focus on management of symptoms. The primary goals of therapy include improved joint function, pain relief, and increased joint stability. Although the exact cause of osteoarthritis is unknown, many risk factors have been identified including increased age, female gender, obesity, and trauma.2 Within these risk factors, the etiology of osteoarthritis has been divided into anatomy, body mass, and gender.

As the exact pathology of osteoarthritis is still unknown, researchers are only able to speculate about why amputees are at a greater risk of developing this particular disease compared to the average population. Research as of today has largely focused on the biomechanical factors that may or may not put an amputee at greater risk. As previously mentioned, loading of the joint and the EKAM have been identified by researchers as having a positive correlation with an increased risk of developing OA. The use of a prosthetic device has been shown to alter normal gait biomechanics which can result in abnormal loading of the joints (Kulkarni 1998, Norvell, 2005). Therefore the majority of studies found have focused primarily on these factors in

Osteoarthritis is a condition where joint and bone cartilage start to deteriorate. This is can be caused by age, injury in joint areas, and genetics. There is no known cure for Osteoarthritis, but recommended treatments such as, exercise, physical therapy, stretching, can help minimize the symptoms. Osteoarthritis is more commonly found in the elderly, women, people who are obese, people who have had an injury in the joint areas, people who worked in certain occupations, and those who have been born with bone deformities.

OA is a musculoskeletal disease that causes chronic joint pain and reduced physical functioning (Laba, brien, Fransen, & jan, 2013). Osteoarthritis (OA) is a non-inflammatory disorder of synovial joints that results in loss of hyaline cartilage and remodeling of surrounding bone. OA is the single most common joint disease, with an estimated prevalence of 60% in men and 70% in women later in life after the age of 65 years, affecting an estimated 40 million people in the United States (Goodman & Fuller, 2009). Women are more commonly affected after the age of 55, almost everyone has some symptoms by the age of 70 (Tan, Zahara, Colburn & Hawkins, 2013, p.78). Osteoarthritis can be described radiological, clinical, or subjective.

Osteoarthritis affects around 31 million Americans, irrespective of gender, race and ethnicity. It is estimated that one in two adults in the U.S. develop symptoms of OA in their lifetime. The prevalence of OA is on surge since, the disease is common among the elderly population and their number is estimated to rise to 72 million by 2030 compared to 47.8 million in 2015. In fact, the disease is the highest cause of work loss and cost billions to the U.S. economy (Unites States

Osteoarthritis is a common cause of joint pain and impaired joint function. This condition is characterized by loss of joint cartilage leading to decreased ROM, synovial inflammation, osteophytes, subchondral cysts, and sclerosis formation. Over time, this leads to painful bone to bone contact, joint subluxation, and deformity. It is estimated that this condition affects 10% of the adult population.¬1 The economic burden of ankle joint osteoarthritis is about 1.0-2.5% GNP in western countries.2 The preponderance of ankle osteotarthritis is post traumatic in etiology (80%).3 This presents specific challenges since it occurs often in younger patients.