What´s Transcranial Electric Current Stimulation?

Electroshock therapy is the process of electroshocking the brain of a human, this a process that takes multiple sessions (CBS News). ECT caused critical seizures. Doctors used this method to cure of reduce schizophrenia. Electroshock therapy was performed daily, it was known referred to as “The shock of the day” (D’Antonio). Doctors saw ECT as a easy and fast way to cure a patient.

The brain is one of the most complex organ in our bodies. To learn about the brain scientists use electrical stimulation. Electrical stimulation is the use of electrical probes to determine functions of the brain. Clinical observation of patients have also helped scientists learn more about the brain. Case studies of different patients such as Phineas Gage have helped to learn about the different functions of the brain and how they work together to perform complex activities. (Barron’s AP Psychology 6th Edition)

The above mentioned procedures are known as brain stimulation therapy where electrical and magnetic impulses are administered to the patient. Moreover, the procedures are completely painless and last only a few minutes. The treatments are once a week, usually lasting six to eight weeks. Nowadays, with the advancements in medical and psychological treatment, a combination of both prescription medicine and psychological help, has shown the greatest

Cortical stimulation therapy. This stimulates your brain with electrical currents to make it work better.

So what is cord stimulation (or spinal cord stimulation to use its full name)? Well, pain is a signal transmitted through nerves from your body up through the spinal cord to your brain. But the spinal cord isn’t simply a relay station for the pain signals. Since the 60’s scientists have known that the spinal cord can modulate these pain signals as they are traveling up to the brain. That means they can either amplify the signal or dampen it

Electrical Muscle Stimulation is an exceptional method of helping the body boost and work with its natural healing process. This is often accomplished by sending a very tiny electrical current into the affected injury or problem area. The EMS therapy utilizes this current in an effort to help reduce swelling and release trigger points that will have the muscle seized up. It accomplishes this by assisting the body with releasing natural pain reliever usually referred to as endorphins.

Unattended electrical stimulation is the use of current to facilitate the reduction of pain, edema, and muscle spasm as well as to increase contractile force in the muscles. The type and frequency of current, placement of electrodes and duration of treatment are determined by the clinician.

Electroconvulsive therapy is a form of treatment where small electric currents travel through the brain to intentionally induce seizures (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2017). This treatment is mostly used when illnesses have not been improved by other types of treatments like medication and other forms of therapy. For example, illnesses like severe depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, and sometimes post-traumatic stress disorder as well (National Institute of Mental Health, 2016). Since the procedure includes having electrode pads placed on the head to deliver levels of electric currents, it is essentially considered a “last resort” treatment because of its inhumanity. Electroconvulsive

However, radial currents cannot be measured accurately because of the dipole orientation and direction, therefore producing no magnetic field outside the head. Deep structures are also hard to detect using MEG. Mikuni et al. (1997) examined a 30-year-old woman who had complex seizures since she was 13. A 25-minute EEG recording revealed 217 epileptiform responses located at the mesial temporal lobe. They found that MEG only localized 40 of these unusual post-synaptic potentials. Further support comes from Goldenholz et al (2009) investigated the signal to noise ratio (SNR) from different sources in 4 subjects. A higher SNR was detected using MEG, however much lower SNR was found for deeper sources. The opposite was true for EEG. These findings can be explained due to potential insufficient coverage of the helmet to deeper parts of the brain, thus few magnetic signals can be detected. Also, the shape of epileptogenic regions, such as the hippocampus is not circular; therefore if the spherical model is fitted then this may produce discrepancies between the data. Therefore, MEG use in treating epilepsy can be effective, if epileptogenic regions are near the surface and discharges are non-radial, but if not, MEG may not be optimal in aiding

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The review employed four randomized, controlled clinical trials of deep brain stimulation that occurred in Germany, Austria, United Kingdom, and the United States (Okun, 2012). It did not discuss a detailed description of the search strategy that was used to find all the relevant studies in the review. Participants were randomly assisted to one of two groups – undergo bilateral deep brain stimulation or to only receive medical therapy, which stood as the control group (Okun, 2012). In both the treatment and control group, follow up appointments of the subjects occurred at three months, six months, and one year (Okun, 2012). The Okun (2012) article

it is comprised of a non-magnetic, thin metal rod or needle freely pivoting on an insulated post. The needle is a conductor which means it's free-electrons will respond to the presence of any charged objects. To begin we touch the Versorium with our hands to discharge it. We have 2 insulating rods, one made out of PVC and the other one made out of Clear Plastic, which we will charged by rubbing materials like Rabbit Fur, Cotton, and Silk. You want to grab the PVC rod and rub it with the Rabbit Fur and the put it near the Versorium and see how it reacts. Touch the Versorium to discharge it and try a different material and the different rod. Repeat the last step until you have tried every combination. Record what you see with different combinations or rod and

Cranial Electrotherapy simulation uses medical devices to send a pulsed, low current to the brain via electrodes placed on the ear lobes, maxilla-occipital

Other treatments used are Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), medical treatment that involves applying electrical currents to the brain which is used more to treat people with severe depression. Another type of treatment is Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a nonsurgical treatment to decrease tremor and to block involuntary movements in patients with motion disorders. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), involves delivering electric impulses to the vagus nerve (supplying the heart, lungs, upper digestive tract, and other organs of the chest and abdomen) this treatment is used to treat patients with epilepsy and depression. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a noninvasive method to stimulate small regions of the brain. During the procedure a “coil” is placed near the head of the individual receiving the treatment, this is used to regulate the mood in a person. This type of treatment is

Electro-Encephalography (EEG) is primarily an electrophysiological monitoring method, recording the electrical activity of the brain. It involves placing electrodes along the scalp, which measure voltage fluctuations resulting from the ionic flux across the brain neurons. These are recorded graphically and typically referred to as ‘brain waves’.