Wheelchair Athletes: Electromyography Analysis

This paper is going to be over rotator cuff injuries and what to do if this occurs to an athlete. The rotator cuff consists of four muscles which are the Subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor, and the supraspinatus and their associated tendons that insert into the Humerus. These groups of muscles are responsible for rotating the arm internally and externally as well as abducting the shoulder. The acronym for the four muscles of the rotator cuff is known as SITS. The best treatment for symptomatic, nontraumatic rotator cuff tears is unknown. The purpose of this trial was to compare the effectiveness of physiotherapy, acromioplasty, and rotator cuff repair for this injury. The way this trial worked was that 180 shoulders with the symptomatic,

The patient was an active participant in both contact as well as non-contact athletic activities. The patient reported occurrence of different symptoms that included; pain, weakness, instability, paresthesia, crepitus, as well as instability of the shoulder during sleep. Sulculus sign was conducted to assess the rotator interval and load and shift test for determination of the patient’s posterior stability. The doctor diagnosed positive for multidirectional instability. The patient’s multidirectional instability was not caused by a traumatic event. The patient had not exercised the joint over a long period of time, hence he had a weak shoulder joint, particularly the rotator cuff. The doctor recommended that the patient should be treated for the pain and inflammation of the shoulder caused by the multidirectional instability and then placed on physical therapy aimed for one year aimed at helping in the strengthening of the muscles of the patient that support the scapula (shoulder blade) and the rotator cuff (shoulder joint) so as to help the patient in returning to normal physical activity and also prevent an injury at the same place

Gleiber, M. A. (2015, July 8). Hand, Wrist, and Elbow Injuries in Basketball. Retrieved from http://michaelgleibermd.com/news/hand-wrist-elbow-injuries-basketball/

Most athletic injuries occur from the repetitive motion of a specific body part, which causes pressure on whichever joint is being used. The two main types of injuries that do most damage is acute and overuse injuries. Acute injuries usually occur due to an unexpected trauma. For example, collisions dealing with players to player contact. The most recurrent acute injury among athletes include bruises, partial or even complete tear of the muscles and lastly fractures. Not all injuries are caused by a sudden twist, fall, push, or collision. Overuse injuries occur over time, when an athletic activity is repeated more often than it is suppose to, the body unfortunately can not heal in a short amount of time between playing. An overuse injury can affect ligaments, bones, muscles, tendons, and growth plates. The way the body grows is usually at an even rate, first the bones grow, which pull to make tight muscles and tendons. When this does not occurs and the plates grow at uneven growth pattern, it causes young athletes to be more prone to tendon, muscle, and growth plate injuries. Baseball is one of the leading sports because of the overhand pitching, it can be related with an injury to the elbow. The two main sports dealing with injury to the wrist or elbow is tennis

Rates of musculoskeletal injuries from overexertion in healthcare occupations are among the highest of all United States (US) industries (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2016). According to Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), in 2011, the rate of overexertion injuries averaged across all industries was 38 per 10,000 full-time workers (CDC, 2016). By comparison, for hospital workers, the overexertion injury rate was twice the average (76 per 10,000), and the rate for nursing home workers was over three times the average (132 per 10,000) (CDC, 2016).

During the 4-hour wheelchair activity, I assumed the role of a paraplegic. Since the activity was simulated in a school environment, I also assumed the role of a student. The activity is focused on the perspective of a paraplegic student attending college. Navigating around the school, finding w/c access points around the school vicinity, and going about daily school routines were the primary challenges that were undertaken. Few minutes into the activity, I was trying to figure out what is the most efficient way to propel the w/c. I noticed that most of the power for w/c propulsion comes from the shoulder. Proper trunk positioning and good UE ROM are essential for w/c ambulation.

The participants included 87 individuals (28 men, 49 women) with various shoulder dysfunctions who were assessed during a routine clinical evaluation and consented for shoulder arthroscopy. Also, all individuals were required to have a magnetic resonance image (MRI), to have completed the dedicated special tests of interest in the study, and to have a detailed diagnosis after arthroscopic surgery.

Rotator cuff injuries are known as the most common shoulder injuries. They are especially common among regular gym visitors, who underestimate the power of the weights and the pressure that the shoulders bare. All the repetitive motions above the head are a direct cause of a rotator cuff injury. As a result of the challenging workout programs, the shoulders become exhausted, developing a condition followed by shoulder stiffness, soreness and shoulder immobility.

Throughout the sports world today, injuries a very common. An injury is “as any significant condition limiting function that caused an athlete to seek medical care by a trainer or physician, caused a practice or match to be discontinued, and resulted in lost time from athletic participation for 1 or more days” (Pasque). It is not uncommon to hear of a player pulling a muscle, tearing their ACL, getting a concussion, etc. Certain sports have a higher probability of getting certain injuries than others. For example, in football, wrestling and hockey, “injury to the brachial plexus, or brachial plexopathy, is one of the most common upper extremity injuries” (Kuzman). Football and wrestling are two high impact sports that have high risk for both

In regards to mobility, the glenohumeral (GH) joint is one of the best the human body has to offer. It allows for the range of motion needed for the activities of daily living that we have all grown accustomed to. In order to execute these motions, however, the shoulder joint needs a stable base of support. This is one of the primary roles of the scapula and its surrounding musculature. When the GH joint is injured, however, scapular muscle-activation, and therefore stability and function, is theoretically altered. Many shoulder rehabilitation programs focus on restoring proper coordination of these muscles, especially those involved with scapular upward-rotation. Until recently, however, there has not been much research supporting the relationship between muscle-activation ratios and shoulder injuries, nor the ability to preferentially activate scapular muscles using rehabilitation exercises. Furthermore, the purpose of this study was to determine if there are differences in muscle-activation ratios between healthy individuals and those with GH injuries, as well as evaluate muscle-activation during particular rehabilitation exercises (Moeller, Huxel Bliven, & Snyder Valier, 2014).

This followed fastballs throws at 18.4 m from a mound at 3 different effort levels: 60%, 80%, and full effort. Kinetic values for humeral internal rotational torque and elbow valgus load were recorded for each throw. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to compare all 7 throwing conditions within pitchers. Kinetic data was also compared against ball velocity to determine throwing efficiency. A separate analysis was also conducted using a 3-level repeated-measures analysis of variances comparing just the variable-effort throws from the mound. There were significant differences in humeral IR and elbow valgus load off the mound at 60-100%. The study showed that partial effort pitching placed lower loads on the shoulder and elbow. Flat ground throwing had similar loads with pitching from the mound but at a significantly lower ball velocity. The mechanical advantage of throwing from a mound or using the crow hop is likely protective during rehabilitation and training throws. Repetitive use of the shoulder and elbow in overhead athletes places stress and physiological limits leading to breakdown, furthermore

The anterior deltoid is an agonist in the acceleration part of the throw its origin is the anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle its insertion is the deltoid tuberosity of humerus. The pectoralis major is also an agonist in the acceleration part of the throw its origin is the clavicle, the sternumand upper ribs, and the tendon of the external oblique muscle the insertion is the lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus. The triceps brachii is an agonist in the acceleration part of the throw and an antagonist when the ball is being drawn back. Its long head origin is the infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, its lateral heads origin is above the radial sulcus, and its medial head is below the radial sulcus and its insertion is the olecranon process of ulna. The Infraspinatus is a synergist for the rotator cuff during the acceleration phase. Its origin is the infraspinous fossa of the scapula and its insertion is the middle facet of greater tubercle of the humerus. The biceps brachii is an agonist when the ball is being drawn back and an antagonist when the ball is accelerated forward. The origin of its short head is the coracoid process of the scapula and the origin of its long head is the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and its insertion is the tuberosity of the

I realized the value of biomechanics through the case of a high school tennis player suffering from shoulder pain while serving . Upon assessment, the patient’s shoulder range of motion and strength were within normal limits which made it difficult to determine the cause of the pain. To find the true cause of shoulder pain, I took a recording of his tennis serve to analyze the player’s movement. With the guidance of one of my professors who specializes in tennis serve biomechanics we analyzed the video in which she pointed out poor serve movements such as shoulder hypo-cocking and limited trunk rotation. These characteristics could not be found easily by standard clinical examination. Based on the player’s biomechanical restrictions during

Proprioceptive rehabilitation methods look to return the ankle to its previous risk factor level, and return it to its previous function level. Scott et. al (1997) says that afferent feedback to the brain and spinal pathways is mediated by skin, articular, and muscle mechanoreceptors. Rehabilitation aims to re-establish those spinal pathways so that movements can be performed fully again. Scott et. al (1997) believes that rehabilitation programs should be designed to include a proprioceptive component that addresses the following three levels of motor control: spinal reflexes, cognitive programming, and brainstem activity. A program which is set out in this way is highly recommended to promote and return dynamic joint and functional stability. Another study, conducted by Lephart (1995), examined the role of proprioceptive training in the treatment of injuries, and also looked at recent developments in the area of proprioceptive rehabilitation methods. Lephart (1995) notes that ligaments play a major role in normal joint kinematics, providing mechanical restraint to abnormal joint movement when a stress is placed on the joint. Following injury to these tissues there is a loss of mechanical stability to the joint, resulting in changes to normal kinematics. Management of these sport-related injuries focuses on restoring joint kinematics by enhancing muscular stabilisation through rehabilitation. By restoring joint stability through rehabilitation, the athlete should be able to return to playing sport, while the chance of re-injury will be reduced. Some believe that rehabilitation of ankle injuries should be set and individualised for each athlete as no athlete or injury is the same, and react differently to different exercises. Carl (2002) said that in the acute phase, the focus should be on controlling the inflammation and once pain is gone and

Assessment of eccentric, concentric and isometric muscle torque: Eccentric, concentric and isometric muscle torque was assessed at 3 months after the date of burn injury by using a Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer (Biodex Medical System, Shirley, NY, USA). The isokinetic test for eccentric and concentric torque was performed on the dominant leg extensors and tested at an angular velocity of 150 o/s and the isometric torque at 0 o/s. The participants were seated and their position stabilized with a restrained strap over the mid-thigh, pelvis, trunk and chest in accordance to the Biodex Advantage Operating Manual, each participant was instructed to fold their arms across the chest for each contraction to minimize any contribution of the upper body.