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Running head: Adulthood
Adulthood
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The question of when a person should legally be considered an adult has remained a contentious debate in both scientific and political circles. Most of the legal bars that have been set are politically inspired, scientific studies in the recent times have shed light to the numerous anomalies that these legal bars of adulthood possess. However, it is common agreement that age is the most convenient parameter in which to measure adulthood and thus makes one assume both adulthood rights and responsibilities.
Until recently, not much effort had been put into finding out how different regions of the brain develop into maturity. It has however
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However, many people note that there are very significant variabilities in growth that disqualifies age as the sole measure of maturity. Those include factors such as culture, environment, class, and ethnicities. For instance, the Dutch set the legal boundary for drinking to be 16 years. Comparatively, children there cannot drive till they reach the age of 18. That is pale in comparison to what is witnessed in the United States, where the drinking age is much higher and the driving age a bit lower.
The environment is also another factor. Children grow in different environments. A child that has been brought up in a well to do background will normally mature slowly than one that one raised in a relatively disadvantaged background(Johnson, Blum, & Griedd, 2009). The latter have to learn to fend for themselves at a much lower age and thus reach emotional maturity than the former.
Parents that consider themselves to be in the upper echelons of the society will be more protective over their children. They are provided and pampered and provided for, for much longer than their counterparts from humble backgrounds. The two sets of children will be therefore logically mature at different rates all other factors kept constant.
However, even though those are logical arguments against using age as the yardstick in measuring maturity, age remains the best means of doing so for various reasons. First, age is universal in nature. A child born in 2000 will still be
The prefrontal cortex, which is the anterior part of the frontal lobes, controls understanding consequences, impulse control, abstract thinking, long range planning, and mental flexibility (Ortiz 93-94). Researchers at UCLA, Harvard Medical School, and the National Institute of Health have been working together to understand brain development. Their research has shown that at a young age the brain overproduces gray matter, which is the overall thinking part of the brain. After this comes the pruning process in which gray matter is removed. Paul Thompson from UCLA describes this time as a "massive loss of brain tissue" (as quoted in Ortiz 94). The average amount of tissue lost per year is one to two percent (Ortiz 94). While this pruning process is taking place the myelination is occurring simultaneously. Myelination is when white matter, what insulates the brain, makes brain process more efficient. This process is also thought to shape brains neural connections for adulthood (Ortiz 95). With age, the brain becomes denser and more organized which makes it better at processing and understanding information. Changes in the brain also can happen late into the twenty's (Beckman 3). A member of the UCLA research team reported that "[The] frontal lobe undergoes the most change during adolescence-by far. It is also the last part of the brain development" (as quoted in Ortiz 94). For most, full brain development is reached during the ages
At age two, most of the child's brain is not fully developed, it is seventy-five percent of adult weight. At age five the brain is ninety-five percent of adult weight. Based on solid scientific evidence, the brain is not a completed organ at birth. Post mortem studies reveal that myelination - one of the five basic processes that make up brain development begins in the brain stem and cerebellum before birth but is not completed in the frontal cortex of the brain until late adolescence period. Myelination process begins before birth, that is during the prenatal period - it is the first process to occur in brain development. Myelin, a fatty layer accumulates around nerve cells to allow nerve impulses to move more quickly - protecting the neuron and acting like an insulation for the human brain. The cerebral hemispheres are the first myelinated. By the second year, the cerebrum is completed. During the process of brain development, there is an increase in the axonal connection which contributes to the growth of the brain. According to neuroscientists, the brain is divided into two- the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere. The left side of the body is controlled by the right hemisphere, while the left side of the brain which is the dominant part controls the right side of the
In the united state, anyone after the age of eighteen is considered as an adult. They are expected to be counted as a responsible grown person, which means that one is responsible for making their own decisions, education, bills, and goals. Also, at the age of eighteen in the united state; a person can vote and enlist to fight and protect for the love of their home country, but they are not allowed to have a drink of a beer legally. In the article “The Gallup Briefing” by author Carroll agrees that if the government lowered the drinking age from twenty-one to eighteen the number of young people who gets hurt from alcohols or other related accidents that happens due to fear of legal consequences would decrease lot faster. Even though, the government have ruled the drinking at twenty-one, personally, I strongly agree with the statement by author Carroll. For that reason, I will be discussing about the goods and bad of lowering the drinking age, and the consequences that has among people and surrounding.
Regardless of social class most parents wish for their children to be happy, healthy, and successful; however, parents disagree on the best way to raise their children to be all of those things, which is when social class determines the parents’ child rearing method. Whether a child comes from a working class or middle class family affects the child’s development and socialization; and consequently the child’s future.
The drinking age is kind of an experiment around the world. In many places around Europe, people who are below the age of twenty-one are allowed to drink by law. Many teenagers around the US find this law biased, because teens aren't given enough credit for how responsible they can be. In Northern Europe, people see alcohol as a culture issue. In many countries it is traditional to have a glass of wine or two during each meal. The drinking age in other countries vary but the normal legal age is between 16-18 years of age. A recent "study that compared DUI laws in the United States to those in comparable nations, such as the European Union States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan and Brazil, found that the United States had the highest proportion of traffic fatalities that were alcohol-related among the 12 countries reporting data." It was reported that the United States had "relatively lax enforcement" in comparison to other countries ("National Minimum Drinking Age-Choose Responsibility").
Modern cognitive scientists have come up with a new theory about the mind. After doing an experiment involving an MRI of the human brain from ages two to twenty-two, they have conluded that the human brain is not fully developed until at least 25 years old. This means that the justice system may be incorrect in trying juvinilles as adults in court cases. What is the proper age that a person is considered an adult?
Being an adult is the number one thing that children want to be: The desire to get older to do things that you want when you want and having no one say otherwise. However, what is an adult? An ambiguous term that really falls into the hands of the individual, where at Sixteen you can drive, eighteen you can vote, and twenty-one you can drink, for those in the USA, all varying ages that individuals could use as indications of adulthood. Robin Heinig wrote and article “What is it about 20- somethings?” where she discusses Arnett’s proposal about a new developmental stage, “Emerging Adulthood”. Jeffrey Jensen Arnett, an American professor in psychology, believes that we aren 't entering adulthood till the later portions of our twenties. For some, this may be true but for the general population including myself I find this hard to believe. Leo Hendry’s article, “How universal is emerging adulthood? An empirical example”, on emerging adulthood gives a deeper understanding to what this generation 's kids are going through. The late teens are a crucial part to the lives of a young adult. It 's the time that we spend trying to identify ourselves, escape the circumstance that we are put into at a younger age, or just had a better family income. Arnett is not wrong, but all other external factors need to be accounted for before we know, or even consider if emerging adulthood is a new developmental stage.
But in this isn't in the United States, this is in Europe, the United States believes that at 21 you should be able to drink but other places in the world say it's 18. In most societies when you turn 18 you are considered
Between the age of two and six years, the brain experiences a rapid growth. By the age of six, the brain is 90% developed as compared to that of the adult. However, the child lacks experience and knowledge. The brain becomes a trainee of what happens around them and imitates what is
The legal age of adulthood in the United States for most purposes is 18. At the age of 18, a person enters the realm of adulthood and is assigned the rights and responsibilities associated with this legal status. For example, an 18 year old can legally sign a contract and is bound by the terms and conditions of the contract. An 18 year old can marry without parental consent, serve on a jury, and vote in state and federal elections. An 18 year old who is charged with a crime is not tried in the juvenile justice system but is tried as an adult. Additionally, an 18 year old can join the military and be sent to a combat zone to defend our country. One notable exception to the rights of adulthood is the right to legally consume alcohol until the age of 21. I will present a cogent argument to lower the legal drinking age in the United States from 21 to 18. The elements of the argument will be based in utilitarian ethics. Jeremy Bentham, a utilitarian theorist, advocated that one’s individual rights should outweigh the interests of institutions, which include the government.
When you become an adult you can vote, join the military, jury duty, sign contracts, marry, apply for loans, make decisions regarding medical treatments, and be prosecuted as an adult (“Should the Drinking Age Be Lowered From 21 to a Younger Age?”). Adults have the right to make their own decisions, and there are many arguments on why 18-year-olds should be able to consume alcohol legally. In other countries like Europe with an MLDA of 18, there are fewer drunk driving traffic accidents and fatalities than an MLDA of 21 in America (“Should the Drinking Age Be Lowered From 21 to a Younger Age?”). Many argue that the government and the police should worry more about every legal person’s alcohol consumption instead of just underaged
As teenagers are given the right to drive, but not without practice before hand so why do people have to wait to 21 to drink alcohol in most states without leaning proper ways to drink with moderation? There has been many cases in the world where many countries has set their drinking ages for beer and wine at 18 and in some cases at 16 year old and set the hard liquor at 21 or 18 years old. Here in the United States of America there are collectively set almost all of the state’s drinking age at 21 for all alcohol that is availed for sale. So why are these set like that and why should we change them for one lowering the age would teach young adult more control over alcohol in the future, teach kid that drinking is good in
Debates have been circling of when the human brain is developed new research from Sandra Aamodt and has shown brain development
Hulock, E. B. (1959). Youngster Development, New York McGraw-Hill - McGraw-Hill arrangement in brain science.
While the stages of cognitive development identified by Piaget are associated with characteristic age spans, they vary for every individual. I remember reading about the girl who was locked up in a room with no furniture but a mattress, and a dog for a long time. And when the authorities finally got her out, the little girl thought she was a dog. And even years later after she got help and therapy, her brain was never able to develop and be right like it should, even