When Cybersecurity Policy Is Discussed The Topics Often

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has a number of guidelines and best practices for cybersecurity concerns across industries; one of their most well-known guides is their Cybersecurity Framework, originally created in February 2014, with a major revision underway as of January 2017. This Framework was penned specifically for critical infrastructure organizations "to better manage and reduce cybersecurity risk,” and it outlines key cybersecurity concepts and processes needed to:

Security and ethical employees will continue to be a vital aspect of ensuring the success of an organization. There will always be a need for ethical IT security professional as hackers will continue to force organizations to make adjustments in their business models to protect their employees, data and customers. Many organizations and managers believe application security requires simply installing a perimeter firewall, or taking a few configuration measures to prevent applications or operating systems from being attacked. This is a risky misconception. By understanding threats and respect impacts, organizations will be equipped to maintain confidentiality, availability and

challenge is to improve the access controls to the SCADA networks. A solution will make it harder for an attacker to

The cybersecurity simulation rounds in UMUC?s Cybersecurity Master 's degree capstone are an integral part of the learning program. The simulation rounds expose students to real world incidents in a cyber representation of the US. In this environment students are provided a chance to gain experience in a setting where mistakes are far less impactful than those made in the real world. The environment includes five critical infrastructure sectors; DTL Power, Federal Government, Hytema Defense, Mistral Bank and Avisitel Telecom. The control decisions made by each have the potential to impact other groups operating within the environment.

As such, our company’s people resources pose the greatest risk for security breach. Our way to help mitigate risk in this area is to keep communication lines open in this area and to continually mandate security knowledge training, with mandatory updates on a regular basis. When the employees are informed of company policy when facing a security matter, they are better equipped to act in the best or right way. In this way knowledge is power – or at least empowerment to act in the best interest of the company’s information security.

The United States’ critical infrastructures normally utilize both private and public networks. Public network risks are well-known; however, private networks can be just as vulnerable. Many people believe they are safe by using private networks; however, the number of vulnerabilities is increasing quickly. Despite the increasing risks, the United States’ critical infrastructures require a high level of expertise in order to exploit due to their highly customized control systems.

The rapid proliferation of malware and sophisticated computer viruses capable of electronically interrupting and dismantling nuclear sites, key elements of infrastructure to the Programmable Logic Controller device level while "learning" or accumulating knowledge at the same time is becoming more pervasive. The well-known Stuxnet worm, which experts theorize was originally funded and supported technologically by one or more nations to attack Iran's Bushehr reactor (Greengard, 2010) is one of the most strategically lethal cyberweapons in existence today. What makes the Stuxnet worm so lethal is its ability to traverse and navigate Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) networks, targeting specific devices and programmable controllers down to the manufacturer and operational block level (Network Security, 2010). The Stuxnet worm is widely believed to be designed to quickly navigate the Microsoft-based platform of the Iranian Bushehr reactor and disable it from operating, as this nation is widely believed to be using the reactor to produce uranium for their weapons program (Network Security, 2010). The stealth-like nature and speed of the Stuxnet worm has also been problematic to catch even in controlled SCADA-based infrastructure systems. The level of sophistication of this threat is at a level not seen before by many organizations and national security agencies (Greengard, 2010). The intent of

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Wolfgang Goerlich once said, ““Employees make decisions every day that negatively affects their business’s security…As a result, we have known for a while that, to protect organizations, employees need online street smarts. However, the problem is that some in the industry treats employee awareness as a training concern or one-time activity. It is not. It is an ongoing cultural problem.”1 The question is then levied, “How do we influence a cultural shift?”. It is evident that personnel need to be better trained in cyber security, but will training adults currently in the workforce be sufficient? I believe that cyber security education must begin at earlier ages if a cultural shift is ever going to happen. Cyber security should receive the same attention that physical security receives during early childhood development. Successful integration of cyber security into early childhood development will result in more conscientious adults and will require engaged parents, integration into institutional learning, and integration into media.

The critical infrastructure includes telecommunication, transportation, energy, banking, finance, water supply, emergency services, government services, agriculture, and other fundamental systems and services that are critical to the security, economic prosperity, and social well-being of the public. The critical infrastructure is characterized by interdependencies and complexity. Cyber interdependencies are a result of the pervasive computerization and automation of infrastructures. The critical infrastructure disruptions can, directly and indirectly, affect other infrastructures, impact large geographic regions, and send ripples throughout the national and global economy. For example, under normal operating conditions, the electric power infrastructure requires fuels, transportation, water, banking and finance, telecommunication, and SCADA systems for monitoring and control.

A Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system consists of both hardware and software that collects critical information to keep a facility operating (Johnson & Merkow, 2011, p. 227). SCADA system vulnerabilities include the lack of monitoring, slow updates, lack of knowledge about devices, not understanding traffic, and authentication holes (Adams, 2015). When an organization doesn’t monitor the network, it makes it impossible to notice suspicious activity. System updates are a very important part of protecting against vulnerabilities, even though it may be seen as an inconvenience. The lack of knowledge about the devices is somewhat due to the fact that the SCADA systems change over time. Therefore,

1. Abstract The purpose of this paper is to define what SCADA systems are and their application in modern industry and infrastructure, to elucidate the reasons for rising concern over the security of these systems, to analyze the fundamental vulnerabilities and to put forth recommendations for the implementation of security in these systems.

A recent report published by tech giant IBM (2015), found 95% of all security breaches are the result of human error. Once considered a non-issue, personnel mistakes are now considered the largest risk to any company’s security. While some security professionals advocate that advanced technology is the best solution for mitigating cyber security risks, human errors in the workplace can be prevented with a management led strategy. High Reliability Organizations (HROs), which focus on the human factor of failure, challenge executives and management to transform the organizational culture of a company into a living, breathing firewall. Although sociotechnical errors are common, HROs are able to diminish risks by implementing a strategy that

The security and safety of the nation’s critical infrastructure are significantly relying on measures implemented to ensure software resiliency and dependability. According to statistics released by the National Security Agency (NSA) chief General Keith Alexander in 2013, “about 90 percent of the nation’s critical infrastructure is owned by the private sector, and therefore is not under the control of the U.S. government or military.” (Gripas, 2013) However,

These are additionally known under a general term, Industrial Control System (ICS). A control system is a gadget or set of gadgets to oversee, charge, coordinate, or manage the conduct of different gadgets or frameworks. ICSs are normally utilized in industries, for example, electrical, water, oil and gas, and chemical compound including trial and research offices, for example, nuclear fusion labs. The reliable operation of current infrastructures relies upon mechanized frameworks and SCADA systems. The Presidential Decision Directive 63 report built up the structure to ensure the basic foundation and the Presidential archive of 2003, the National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace expressed that securing SCADA frameworks is a national need. The critical framework incorporates media transmission, transportation, vitality, banking, water supply, crisis administrations, taxpayer driven organizations, agribusiness, and other central frameworks and administrations that are basic to the security, financial thriving, and social prosperity of people in general. The critical foundation is described by interdependencies (physical, digital, geo-realistic, and coherent) and intricacy (accumulations of communicating