When Does The Textile Factory Work

In a photograph taken by Lewis Hine, he shows us “how dangerous the machines are that the children are working on and that they were practically working inside of them” (Document 8). Being in a room full of dust and sweat, small children could get all of the dust and lint stuck in their lungs. With no windows, this work habit is highly unsafe for the children. It is actually unsafe for anyone who is stuck in a small room with no windows for thirteen hours a day. In the same interview, Elizabeth Bentley was asked, “To explain what she had to do while working in the flax mill” (Document 7). Her answer was, “When the frames are full, they have to stop the frames, and take the full bobbins off, and carry them to the roller, and then put empty ones on, and set the frame going again” (Document 8). A six year old child doing all this work was a disaster waiting to happen because children could easily get hurt or hurt another person.

The younger boys who worked at the mines were called breaker boys. They didn’t work in the mine itself, but sat on benches and picked out the bits of rock from the coal. “These children worked in the picking room, a crowded, high-ceilinged vault, crisscrossed with rickety catwalks and crooked stairs, lit only by a wall of grime-choked windows” (Levine, Marvin J. "Mines, Mills, and Canneries." Children for Hire: The Perils of Child Labor in the United States. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003. 21. Print.) Within factories, small children had to work fast at the machines, being very careful unless an unfortunate body part happens to get caught in the high-powered, dangerous machinery. For several long hours in rooms without fresh air, ventilation, and sometimes, no windows, the working conditions that the children suffered through were appalling. There are children who work in hazardous industries, risking accident and injury; there are others working in conditions that take a slower but definite toll on the children’s health (Basu, Kaushik, and Pham Hoang Van. "The Economics of Child Labor" The Economics of Child Labor (1998): 412-27. Print.).

However the industrial revolution was not all good. The working class had no other option but to turn up at the factories for work. The factory system resulted in over-crowding and unhygienic conditions and also the development of slum areas. Many factory owners who needed cheap, unskilled labour, profited greatly by using children and women to run the machines and because they were small and could fit in tunnels as well not only that they were more suited for factory life because they could adopt more quickly and easily than men. By the age of 6, many children were already working twelve hours a day in factories. These children had no free time to do anything plus they earned low wages. Hardly any of the children went to school they had to work in factories to earn money. Quite a lot of the people who worked at factories got sick and died because of the toxic fumes in the factories. While others were severely injured because the machines didn't have safety guards so many children got killed by machinery when they fell asleep and got caught up in the machines. Many of the children who were orphans, hired by the employers would

Conditions of factories were not safe for anyone, let alone a small child. Due to these conditions many children died before their prime. Many children “began work at age 5, and generally died before they were 25” (www.victorianweb.org), America was beginning to lose an entire generation due to these working conditions that so many had to endure. Children were hired at an alarming rate. “In 1870, the first time census reported child workers, there were 750,000 workers in the United States age 15 and under, not including those who worked on family farms or in other family businesses” (“Child Labor in America”), these numbers were not something that was looked over, it astonished many. “A cotton manufactory of 5 or 6000 spindles will employ those 200 children” (Bremner 232). The workforce would continuously grow, hiring more and more children each day. Factories were good for using children as a means of their productivity. “Textile factories, for the most part […] were in the forefront of this industrial revolution, and children formed an essential component of the new industrial workforce” (Bremner 232). Many times without these children working some of these factories would not have survived through the revolution.

“Children worked in very dangerous conditions in the picture represent in document 8” (Document 8). The children working in the factories have to be careful not to get their limbs or foreign objects lodged into the machines. If they got injured or ill and had to miss work in order to properly recuperate. “You are considerably deformed in person as a consequence of this labor? Yes I am” (Document 7), a woman that worked in a flax mill as a young girl was left deformed from all the harsh labor that was forced upon her while growing up. Not only did the parents have to work in order to be able to provide for their family, but their children had to work in order to contribute to be able to put food on the table for the whole family due to the parents lack of pay. “Children were uneducated and were unable to attend school as seen in document 6” (Document 6). Because of the lack of education many adults were illiterate, which caused many problems for example, learning basic life skills would be more difficult and time consuming because people are unable to self-educate by reading informational books on how to acquire basic skills “I am at work in a spinning room tending four sides of warp which is one girl’s work” (Document 1) Children were over worked the girl that spoke in the text about was forced to do the work of four separation girls all in one. Furthermore is unhealthy for anyone at any age

Textile factories are not safe for working class families. Working condition in the factories were not safe or healthy for the children working. A doctor named Dr.Ward says “. . . We could not remain ten minutes in the factories without gasping for breath.” He also says “ There were forty-seven injured . . .” (House of Lords Committee interview Dr.Ward). Joseph Herbergam was once working in the factories as a kid. Herbergam says “ My leg muscles do not function properly . . .”. He also talks about how he may die in a year because all the fumes he inhaled as a child. (Testimony of Joseph Herbergam to the Sadler committee). Dr.ward is a doctor so he is aware of what is harmful to breath in. It was unhealthy for many reasons but one reason

The other large part of English child labor was inside of textile factories. Michael Sadler, chairman of the UK parliamentary committee looking to pass a bill to limit child labor in Britain, interviewed factory workers to showcase what happened inside the factories to the British Parliament, in hopes of laws being passed to stop this. In The Sadler Report, he interviews Mr. Matthew Crabtree. Crabtree describes the brutality of his working environment where he was a blanket maker. According the interview, he started working in the factory at age eight, and at that point he would work from “ six in the morning to eight at night,” with one break for lunch at noon. When the factory was busier, he would work sixteen hours. Due to the extreme hours, Crabtree reports extreme exhaustion, and loss of appetite. On top of being kept extremely unhealthy, punishments were doled out often. Crabtree reports that a regular occurrence at the end of the day would be the factory administrators would beat the fatigued children who were too tired to keep up with production. He himself describes being beaten with at piece of the machinery called a “billy,” saying, “I had been struck[...] so much so as to knock me down.” Sometimes, he saw other children 's head’s be opened

During the industrial revolution in Britain, the usage of child labourers dramatically increased as it became a cheap and easy form of labour. This lead to the continued abuse of many children in textile factories. In 1833, the Factory Act of 1833 was put forth which dictated that no children under the age of nine would work. Children ages nine to thirteen wouldn’t work more than nine hours a day and children ages thirteen to eighteen wouldn’t work more than twelve hours a day. In addition it introduced the circulation of four factory inspectors who were to enforce the new legislation. They were to certify whether children had received their compulsory education of two hours each day and report conditions to the government. This act brought forth attention and sparked debates from the public which made stronger note of the working conditions for children.

Business owners wanted these poor inexperienced children to work in the mills. (The children who are employed at the factory are very young) (Document #8). Why would someone want young and inexperienced workers at their factory? Instead, they should be going to school to learn how to operate these monstrous machines.

"Last Thursday one girl fell down and broke her neck which caused instant death. She was going in or coming out of the mill and slipped down it being very icy" (Paul). This quote emphasizes the daily struggles that young children faced during the industrial revolution as far as looking out for their own well being. Children initially were involved in the work industry as a result of machines taking over thousands of men's jobs. Pictures of the factories sent very negative emotions to all who saw them, despite the positive sounding letters that were sent home. The work industry, for children, was extremely dangerous, and as stated in the source, children often died will on the job because of poor working conditions. Although the letters that children sent home to their families may have sounded positive overall, the images of children at work are anything but pleasurable to witness. As a result of analyzing these sources, that working as a child could be lethal, however, the letter contradicts the pictures by claiming the work environment is pleasurable.

Textile factories were not safe for working class families for the reason that the people were injured and unhealthy. A few people entered into the textile factories unhealthy which could´ve made their health issues worse. The interviewee , Dr. Holme says that the people employed were in great health. He also said that the children he had seen were all in health and that the hours they worked were not injurious to their health. John Birley says that they had good food and good beds. He also says that they were treated kindly. Dr . Holme says that Mr. Pooley employed 401 people and 363 people were in good health. Dr. Holme also said that the factories were as healthy as any other part of the working classes of the community. His conclusion was

Mortality rates were decreasing rapidly. This was not only an effect of the poor living conditions, but also of the high pollution that was being created by the factories. Conditions for adult and children in the factory during the Industrial Revolution were unrelenting in its enforcement of tough rules, long hours and its unsanitary and, sometimes, dangerous environment. According to author, the mill work that Sam and the other children did was dangerous nor particularly difficult. Children of the Industrial Revolution perhaps suffered more than the adults also “some of the children had their hands terribly lacerated by the carding machine”. Owners realized that children were easier to train and control and they were forced to work as young as eight years old. They worked for many hours in factories and were denied their education. At such a young age, education and the support of family would have been instrumental in the development of such an impressionable mind. The innocence of what it means to be a child was exploited by the business owners who wished only to gain more

Business owners never thought that children should have a good education than work at these factories because these factories are actually making them deformed. Proof from document seven says that Elizabeth Bentley’s health changed since she had worked at the factory. “Yes, I was . . . a little [healthy] girl [before I started working at the factory]” (Document #7). This is the downside for working at these places. Even though the factory was producing a lot of product, but at the same time they are turning perfectly normal people into mentally retarded people. Furthermore, this isn’t the only cons about these factories. These factories are making these people work more than an average person would work in the twenty-first century. “[They would work] [f]rom six in the morning till 7 at night” (Document #7). These children are working fourteen hours. A normal person would only work eight hours today. Not only that they get worked to death, they weren’t given much breaks. “Forty minutes at noon [time was given for a break]” (Document #7). Working this long these children should be rewarded with a longer break. See the people who believe that getting short breaks is good; well they are wrong because if you do the same thing over and over it gets boring. Also, your brain will get fried. Case in point, child labor is a torturing practice that needs to get abolished because the working

In the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century of England, the Industrial Revolution occurred. It is marked as an important movement in history because it introduced steam-driven machinery, large factories, and a new working class. With new manufacturing, job opportunities opened up. As the demand for employees rose, that is when the working class also began to rise. However, it not only included adults but children as well. The main reason for children to work is because it benefits the employers and their families economically. Employers made profit by having children work for low wages, and the money the children made would go towards the family income and necessities to survive. The low adult wages would not suffice for a neutral family or extended, so children had no choice but to work and help support their family. Although in need of money, there were too many dangers involved when the children were working. As a result of this, the state legislation had Acts passed for the children’s safety. The Industrial Revolution had many upsides in modernizing England, but it also uncovered that children should not be seen as workers needing money, but as young human beings that need education and protection, and the only way to initiate this is with the involvement of the state.

Textile Mill Scheduling Problem formulation • Variable assignment on the length of each fabric produced and purchased: X1 - Length of fabric 1 in Yards produced as dobbie looms X2 - Length of fabric 2 in Yards produced as dobbie looms X3 - Length of fabric 3 in Yards produced as dobbie looms X4 - Length of fabric 4 in Yards produced as dobbie looms X5 - Length of fabric 5 in Yards produced as dobbie looms X6 - Length of fabric 3 in Yards produced as regular looms X7 - Length of fabric 4 in Yards produced as regular looms X8 - Length of fabric 5 in Yards produced as regular looms X9 - Length of fabric 1 in Yards purchased X10 - Length of fabric 2 in Yards purchased X11 - Length of fabric 3 in Yards purchased X12 - Length of fabric 4 in Yards purchased X13 - Length of fabric 5 in Yards purchased • Monthly Data for Scottsville Textile Mill Fabrics Fabric 1 Fabric 2 Fabric 3 Fabric 4 Fabric 5 Demand, D 16,500 22,000 62,000 7,500 62,000 Selling Price, S 0.99 0.86 1.1 1.24 0.7 Variable Cost, V 0.66 0.55 0.49 0.51 0.5 Purchase price, P 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 • Cost Fabric Manufacturing cost (Selling Price- Variable Cost) Purchasing Cost (Selling price- Purchase Price) 1 0.99-0.66= 0.33 0.99-0.8= 0.19 2 0.86-0.55= 0.31 0.86-0.7= 0.16 3 1.1-0.49= 0.61 1.1-0.6= 0.5 4 1.24-0.51= 0.73 1.24-0.7= 0.54 5 0.7-0.5= 0.2 0.7-0.7= 0 • Working Hour in a Month Dobbie: 8 looms x 24 hours x 30 days= 5760 hours