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'When I Heard The Learn D Astronomer'

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Walt Whitman’s poetry provides prime examples of Transcendentalism’s impact on nineteenth century literature based on its utilization of sensual, emotive text and progressive thematic elements. His writing reflects a deep respect and awe of the natural world, and touts the virtues of individualism. It can be read as a reaction to the Enlightenment. “When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer”, as much as any of Whitman’s repertoire, criticizes the absolute importance placed on fact and reason in the Enlightenment era while highlighting the unquantifiable beauty of nature. The phrases focused on the Astronomer’s lecture satirize “intellectuals” with redundant structured language particularly in contrast to the gentler diction in the phrases depicting …show more content…

During the “Enlightenment”, philosophes (philosophes being the premier thinkers of the Enlightenment, though not necessarily philosophers) attempted to apply reason to every aspect of life. The Romanticism movement and its offshoot, Transcendentalism was a reaction to the Enlightenment’s stark focus on reason, and instead revered emotion, nature, and subjectivity. Whitman’s poem depicts the transition between the two movements. Line’s pertaining to the “Learn’d Astronomer” are structured and utilize math and science terms. Every line in the first stanza begins with “when”: “When I heard the learn’d Astronomer” (1),“When the proofs, the figures, were ranged in columns before me” (2), etc. The repetition within the lines regarding the scientific side of astronomy illustrate the supposed lack of emotion within the scientific view. It is also significant that “when” refers to time. Just as math and science attempt to quantify the natural world, time is a construct to quantify life. Whitman continues this trend in writing “ When I was shown the charts and diagrams, to add, divide, and measure them” (3). In including “to add, divide, and measure them” Whitman implicates that students of the Enlightenment are not allowed, or not able to feel or reflect, only observe and

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