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Where Are You Going Where Have You Been Literary Analysis Essay

Decent Essays

Feminist and Psychoanalytic Theory in “Where Are You Going Where Have You Been?”
In Joyce Carol Oates’s, “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?” fifteen-year-old Connie and Arnold Friend meet during a series of unfortunate events. Connie is a rebellious, defiant teenager, while Arnold is a dangerous, deceiving older man. After Arnold meets Connie, he convinces her to leave with him or make her family suffer the fatal consequences of her unwillingness to corporate. Upon careful analysis, Psychoanalytic theory and Feminist theory can be applied to “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been” to further understand the characters’ thoughts and actions.
Connie is a disobedient, young teenager who is compared to the societal standards of being …show more content…

Arnold’s failure to listen to his superego explains his rationalization to take, rape, and kill Connie. Arnold Friend is an older, conniving man who convinces Connie to leave her house with him or face the consequences. Marilyn C. Wesley of, “The Transgressive other in Joyce Carol Oates’s Recent Fiction” describes Arnold as “the probable rapist[,] … killer [and] … depraved lunatic,” which proves that Arnold contains the characteristics of an individual who lacks the basic discipline of a superego to control his urges of socially unacceptable behaviors. Even after Connie rejects Arnold’s attempts to seduce her into leaving, he continues to not listen to his superego and continues to harass her and begins to even threaten Connie in order to fulfill the desires of his id. He threatens Connie and says, “You don’t want your people in any trouble, do you?” which shows he has repressed his superego so much that he is willing to go to extreme extents to fulfill his id (Oates 561). He later states, “Yes, I’m your lover. You don’t know what that is but you will” which also shows his aggressive, relentlessness behavior (Oates 558). Arnold’s superego is so repressed, that he is willing to do anything to satisfy his desires no matter how wrong and socially unacceptable they are. Psychoanalytic theory is applicable to Arnold’s character in “Where Are You Going Where Have You Been?” in …show more content…

However, Arnold contradicts what feminism stands for because he is a sexist who does not believe women are equal to him. He belittles Connie by not only taking her life, but by demeaning her existence while she is alive. By applying Feminist theory to Arnold Friend in “Where Are You Going Where Have You Been?” Arnold’s misogynistic mindset can be evaluated by the reader. Tracy M. Caldwell states, “Arnold symbolizes the dangers posed by influential and 'smooth talking' men to young women,” which proves he never truly valued Connie’s life. He constantly uses condescending language to speak to Connie. He refers to her as “honey” which he uses only in a patronizing sense (Oates 559). Arnold continues to call Connie in demeaning ways in effort to seduce her into leaving with him. He later begins to make physical threats towards Connie by stating, “[soon] as you touch that phone I don’t need to keep my promise and can come inside. You don’t want that” which only further highlights Arnold’s little disregard for Connie’s life because she is a girl (Oates 559). Connie later decides to leave with him because of his aggressive threats. Due to Arnold’s sexist ideals, he does not believe in Connie’s worthiness to live. He not only sexually humiliates her by probably raping her, but more than likely kills her after. Arnold’s character represents sexist ideology that not only defies the notions of feminism, but also enforces the

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