Feminist and Psychoanalytic Theory in “Where Are You Going Where Have You Been?”
In Joyce Carol Oates’s, “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?” fifteen-year-old Connie and Arnold Friend meet during a series of unfortunate events. Connie is a rebellious, defiant teenager, while Arnold is a dangerous, deceiving older man. After Arnold meets Connie, he convinces her to leave with him or make her family suffer the fatal consequences of her unwillingness to corporate. Upon careful analysis, Psychoanalytic theory and Feminist theory can be applied to “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been” to further understand the characters’ thoughts and actions.
Connie is a disobedient, young teenager who is compared to the societal standards of being
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Arnold’s failure to listen to his superego explains his rationalization to take, rape, and kill Connie. Arnold Friend is an older, conniving man who convinces Connie to leave her house with him or face the consequences. Marilyn C. Wesley of, “The Transgressive other in Joyce Carol Oates’s Recent Fiction” describes Arnold as “the probable rapist[,] … killer [and] … depraved lunatic,” which proves that Arnold contains the characteristics of an individual who lacks the basic discipline of a superego to control his urges of socially unacceptable behaviors. Even after Connie rejects Arnold’s attempts to seduce her into leaving, he continues to not listen to his superego and continues to harass her and begins to even threaten Connie in order to fulfill the desires of his id. He threatens Connie and says, “You don’t want your people in any trouble, do you?” which shows he has repressed his superego so much that he is willing to go to extreme extents to fulfill his id (Oates 561). He later states, “Yes, I’m your lover. You don’t know what that is but you will” which also shows his aggressive, relentlessness behavior (Oates 558). Arnold’s superego is so repressed, that he is willing to do anything to satisfy his desires no matter how wrong and socially unacceptable they are. Psychoanalytic theory is applicable to Arnold’s character in “Where Are You Going Where Have You Been?” in …show more content…
However, Arnold contradicts what feminism stands for because he is a sexist who does not believe women are equal to him. He belittles Connie by not only taking her life, but by demeaning her existence while she is alive. By applying Feminist theory to Arnold Friend in “Where Are You Going Where Have You Been?” Arnold’s misogynistic mindset can be evaluated by the reader. Tracy M. Caldwell states, “Arnold symbolizes the dangers posed by influential and 'smooth talking' men to young women,” which proves he never truly valued Connie’s life. He constantly uses condescending language to speak to Connie. He refers to her as “honey” which he uses only in a patronizing sense (Oates 559). Arnold continues to call Connie in demeaning ways in effort to seduce her into leaving with him. He later begins to make physical threats towards Connie by stating, “[soon] as you touch that phone I don’t need to keep my promise and can come inside. You don’t want that” which only further highlights Arnold’s little disregard for Connie’s life because she is a girl (Oates 559). Connie later decides to leave with him because of his aggressive threats. Due to Arnold’s sexist ideals, he does not believe in Connie’s worthiness to live. He not only sexually humiliates her by probably raping her, but more than likely kills her after. Arnold’s character represents sexist ideology that not only defies the notions of feminism, but also enforces the
In where are you going, where have you been the major conflict is the lack of self-confidence and immaturity of Connie. From that, the complication of being stalked by Arnold arises. The author does not just tell us Connie is a naive girl but discusses her actions and lack of actions leading us to believe so. Because of that, by the time the complication start taking shape, the reader can almost guess what would be next, that is Arnold is one of the boys that are Connie’s age. Knowing a lot about Connie by now, we will guess after being reluctant for a while she will take off with him like she has done before so many times, there how ever is a surprise waiting. Once we start following the dialogue between Connie and Arnold and know more about his awkward looks and language we start understanding the symbolism Oates has been using. He is the prince of darkness and he is there to take Connie to her final destiny, the land of the dead. Talking about the old woman down the street who was also murdered he is
Where there is desire, there is hope, despair, and struggle. Joyce Carol Oates illustrates animatedly the asphyxiated struggle of desire in her short story “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?” The story narrates the life of a young girl, named Connie, and her fated and enigmatic confrontation with a strange man. Feeling trapped in her own home with her own family, Connie, a self-conscious and rebellious teenager, tries to figure out a way to identify herself with the world around her. Her desire of escaping the reality fuels her struggle to enter adulthood. Through the physical form of Arnold Friend, who embodies both the hope and the despair in Connie’s struggle, the author metaphorically portrays a vigorous and psychological pressure that Connie has to endure. The story is scripted to allude to the danger of identifying oneself through sexuality in young girls. To better understanding this cryptic story, it is important to follow the psychological processes and conflict of Connie’s character, which help unveil the allegorical meaning of a young girl’s rite of passage through sex.
Through plot, Oates demonstrates how Arnold Friend can be seen as a symbolic Satan. Plot starts when Arnold makes sure to tell Connie he is interested in her as he says,“Gonna get you baby” (Oates 1). Connie is in a drive-in restaurant for an older crowd when Arnold sees her for the first time. Once Connie leaves the drive-in dinner with a boy named Eddie, Arnold decides to make a move on Connie. Arnold uses foreshadowing to let her know he will meet her again. Just as Arnold says he is going to get Connie, he shows up in her driveway, creating a creepy situation. That Sunday afternoon, Connie is alone in her house while her parents and sister are on a picnic at one of their neighbor’s house, Arnold decides to use this opportunity to make his
In “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?” we are faced with a stalker-like, demonic man who becomes obsessed with a young teenage girl. This is all too common in reality where we face rapist, stalkers, and murders so the average reader would probably believe he has intimidated this young, naïve girl into allowing herself to be kidnapped. But some may agree that Connie was intimidated and forced into leaving with Arnold Friend, while other may think this was a satisfaction of her fantasies. According to Oates, “Connie couldn’t do a thing, her mind was all filled with trashy daydreams” (Oates Web), those of which were more than likely daydreams filled with thoughts of boys as well as being somewhere far away from her much hated household. Arnold comes along and grants Connie with a proposition of taking her far away from the home she hated and making her seem above her family, he says “…you’re better than them because not a one of them would have done this for you.” Connie is not excited about what is taking place, in fact she feels empty and emotionless at this point, but in a strange, disgusting, creepy way Connie has gotten exactly what she wanted in the beginning which was a guy to be obsessed with her and could take her away from her what she once believed to be the worst life
In the story “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been” Connie, the main character, is already struggling with many things in life and sneaks her way to date guys. There was also conflicting between her and her mother due to her mother favoring her sister, June and describing her as someone who is a good example of what she wants Connie to be. Her father is never at home due to work and when he is home, the girls do not relate to him. Arnold Friend is described as a dangerous figure with his pale complexion and his slick black hair looking like trouble by not presenting himself in a pleasing way to Connie, by not walking properly. This was an indication on how he was not in the right state of mind and how Arnold shouldn’t be near Connie. There was one scene in the story where Arnold Friend shows up, uninvited, notifying Connie that he is not a friend, but has come to take her away from her home to possibly kidnap her. "Connie felt a wave of dizziness, rise in her at this sight and she stared at him as if waiting for something to change the shock of the moment, make it alright again”. Connie feels safe in the house and does not come out until Arnold convinces and demands her that she come out. Things took an unpleasant twist when Arnold tells Connie not use the phone or he will break his promise of not coming in the house
In the story Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? It talks about a man and a woman whose names are Connie and also Arnold friend. Arnold is suppose ably Connie’s friend who seems to just be Connie’s conscious speaking to her to tell her to do the thinks that she does.
Joyce Carol Oates plays upon the stereotypic female gender role through her adolescent character, Connie, in “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?” The story was written at a significant time in America’s history. It was a season when social and moral conventions were challenged. This period experienced the rise of women struggling for sexual freedom and gender equality in a patriarchal society. Oates portrays the protagonist, Connie, as naive, unaware and inexperienced; she has yet to find her identity and fully understand her place as a women in the world. She believes she has learned to play the game of the sexes and that she has the upper hand. This belief, though, is quickly subverted when she is confronted by Arnold Friend, a man who works to reinforce patriarchal standards by punishing Connie for acting outside stereotypic female role boundaries, she then realizes as a women, she has very little power.
Connie, the protagonist of “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?” by Joyce Carol Oates, is a character who goes through a traumatic experience in her life. Her encounter with the antagonist, Arnold Friend, permanently changes her selfish innocence and challenges her way of thinking. With an unsupportive family and shallow friends, Connie lacks a strong moral foundation and is self-absorbed. Connie’s character, by the end of the story, changes through her encounter with Arnold Friend. Connie transforms from a selfish, shallow character to one of self-awareness.
The late 1950s was a time of cultural revolution which had a large influence on the American youth. “As the next decade drew near, issues such as civil rights, war, women 's rights, and the sexual revolution would deeply affect many American teenagers. The conservative family values and morals that predominated in the 1950s were just beginning to be challenged as the decade came to a close” (Moss and Wilson 3). As a result, many teenagers lost the conservative morals of the 1950s and became more independent. In “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?” by Joyce Carol Oates, Connie represents the result of this cultural revolution. Criticized by her mother for her promiscuity, Connie is an independent girl who often hangs out with her friends trying to attract boys. In doing so, she attracts a sexual predator named Arnold Friend who visits her at her home to try to get her to leave with him to presumably rape her. At the end of the story, Connie chooses to go with him. Connie gets into this dangerous situation because of a mistaken belief on her self-worth, the loss of morals by her and the adults in the story, and the influence of the 1960s popular music. Looking at “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?” through the historical and feminist lenses, suggests that the story is really about how the misconceptions on self-worth and the diversion of 1960s society from
In the short fiction Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? tells a story about a young 15-year-old girl named, Connie. Connie spends her time meeting boys, lounging around the house and going out with her friends. One night an unusual man makes a threatening gesture to her in the parking lot of a local drive-in restaurant. Until, one day the unusual man pulls up in her driveway in a gold colored car. The man introduces himself as Arnold Friend and asks Connie to join him for a ride. During their conversation, Connie is aware that Arnold is dangerous; his language becomes more sexual and violent, and he warns her that he will hurt her family if she calls the police. In the end, she leaves the house and joins Arnold. Connie is stuck between the lines of her sexual daydreams and reality up until she is entangled among by Arnold Friend and his infatuating music playing in his car. Everything about her had two aspects to it, one when she was at home and one for anywhere but home.
or sister. She feels she is beyond them since she is prettier. She want to live in a dream world
The teenage rebellion, which most of people experience during the puberty, always worsens the relationship between parents and children. Written by Joyce Carol Oates, the short story “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?” describes the condition and consequence of a family whose child is rebellious. Through the characterization, plot, and dialogue, Oates successfully exhibits the thesis that Connie’s bad ending is the consequence of her parents’ attitude and actions.
The teenage rebellion, which most of people experience during the puberty, always worsens the relationship between parents and children. Written by Joyce Carol Oates, the short story “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?” describes the condition and consequence of a family whose child is rebellious. Through the characterization, plot, and dialogue, Oates successfully exhibits the thesis that Connie’s bad ending is the consequence of her parents’ attitude and actions.
In the story, “Where are you Going, Where Have you Been?” the author, Joyce Carol Oates, uses literary devices to convey a message about the loss of innocence. To be more specific, Oates’s characterization of the protagonist, Connie, specifically shows the actions leading to her innocence being taken from her. The literary device of characterization gives a clear picture Oates thoughts at the time she wrote the story, expressing concern for young girls who are at risk of having their innocence taken from them.
In Joyce Carol Oate’s, “Where are you going, Where have you been”, a young teen by the name of Connie is in a stage of what appears to be rebellion. Along with many other teens, Connie’s parent’s oblivion to what she does outside of the house allows it to continue and worsen. Since Connie not being held accountable for her actions, it leads her down paths of destruction. Are Connie’s bad decisions really her fault? Typically, teens do not rebel for fun but there is a deeper meaning behind the actions. In this story, Connie goes out and rebels in search of better things than what she has at home.