Which Class Of Pills Dissolve The Faster Essay

Pharmaceutical scientists have to account for multiple properties when developing new drugs, and they need to understand what could affect different patients when developing these drugs. Solubility is one of these properties, and it is the ability of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance to dissolve in a solid, liquid or gaseous solvent, and it is critical to absorption into the body. In drug discovery over the years, the number of insoluble drug candidates has increased recently, with almost 70% of new drug candidates showing poor water solubility.

The hypothesis was formed under the thought that the fastest dissolving pill would be the most effective because the sooner the ingredients and materials were realized, the sooner they would be able to attack and neutralize the pain, therefore getting the job done quicker or more efficiently. The hypothesis was not supported because, overall, the first two pills to dissolve were both children’s pain killers and were “junior strength”. Therefore, these medicines could not have been the most effective because the strength is significantly weakened to accommodate to young kids, and would not be as effective as normal strength medicines. In order to accurately determine the time taken for the pills to dissolve inside the body, it is very important to create a solution similar to stomach acid. Stomach acid was simulated by heating vinegar, which has the same ph level of stomach acid and shares other similarities in makeup and properties. The vinegar was heated to 36.7 degrees Celsius and constantly stirred to represent the temperature and motion of stomach acid. Eight different pills were timed to see how fast they dissolved. Each type of pill was tested three times in order to find an average for each medicine. The pills tested were Advil, Children’s Advil Grape Flavored, Ibuprofen, Children's Ibuprofen Grape Flavored, Tylenol, Tylenol Liquid Gels, Aleve, and Aleve Liquid Gels. The children's strength pills were the first two medicines to dissolve. Aleve was the slowest to dissolve and took almost two hours to dissolve. The liquid gel capsules were the second and third slowest pills to dissolve. In order, from fastest to slowest to dissolve, the medicines were Children's Ibuprofen Grape Flavored, Children’s Advil

Within this experiment we were to analyze four difference analgesic drugs and compare them to different components to see which drug contained what. The components that were used for comparison are Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), Acetaminophen (Ace), Ibuprofen (Ibu), and Caffeine (Caf). The components all have different levels of polarity. To determine the level of polarity before the experiment even starts can be done by looking at the functional groups. The structures can be found under objectives in the carbon copies with the visual representation of what will be said. After observing each structure and determining the functional groups it can be said that caffeine is the most polar out of all of them. This is because it has two carbonyl groups and four amine groups.

Antacids is a group of medicines which help to neutralise the acid content of your stomach (Patient Online). Many antiacid makers claim that there products are always the best to be used. Antacids can be used to treat: heartburn, indigestion and symptoms of acid reflux. Alka-seltzer is known for being a great painkiller that provides effective and fast relief of headaches and upset stomachs. There are many other brands that are similar to Alka-seltzer such as Tums & Rolaids. Tums are known to be America’s #1 Antacid brand, that goes to work instantly for fast heartburn relief (TUMs.com). Rolaids share some similarities from both Alka-seltzer and tums, with a slight difference in ingredients. During this experiment, the main focus is figuring

When it comes of consumption of medicines that are produced in huge amounts, every individual has different needs and demands. There are possibilities that medicines produced by the industry may not suit everyone's body. Many people get allergies from some ingredients that are used in the making of the particular medicine they need to take to get relived from their sufferings. As a result, it becomes very tough for people who are suffering from one or the other diseases to take that medicine. Neither can they live without consuming that medicine nor can they have that medicine as it can cause an allergic reaction to their body. So such people need a special medicine, which do not contain that allergic ingredient in them in order to cure the

Over the counter pain medications are analgesics that can temporarily relieve fever, pain, and inflammation. The three most common active ingredients found in analgesics are ibuprofen, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and acetaminophen. ASA can cause liver and brain disease if taken by children under 19 years old. Acetaminophen helps with fever and pain but has no effect on inflammation. The active ingredients in analgesics will dissolve (especially in isopropyl alcohol), but the inactive chemicals are insoluble. When a tablet is stirred in isopropyl alcohol, the remains that don’t dissolve are the inactive ingredients. The main purpose of this lab is to physically separate a mixture based on solubility, using gravimetric filtration.

Paracetamol was first synthesized in 1878 by Morse, and then further introduced in 1883. Due to its misinterpretation of its safety profile, it had limited access on the market until the 1950s. This is due to the chemically similar and up until then preferred analgesic, phenacetin which was further withdrawn from the marker due to patients suffering renal toxicity. Now, Paracetamol forms Step 1 of the WHO analgesic ladder due to is role in multimodal analgesia and first line treatment for pain. With its various differences in administration techniques, oral and rectal can produce analgesia within 40 minutes and have maximal effect at one hour, as well as have large variations in bioavailability can make the onset and duration of the drug unpredictable. The introduction of intravenous administration was first established in 2002, with its bioavailability that limits its speed of onset. The onset of paracetamol occurs within five minutes, peaking at 40-60minutes and lasting from four to six hours (Macdonald,

In the stomach the bolus is mixed with gastric juices, which are secreted upon seeing, smelling or tasting food. The hormone that stimulates the secretion of the gastric juice is called gastrin, and it also stimulates intestinal motility and it relaxes the ileocecal valve. . There is also other enzyme such as serotonin, which stimulates gastric motility, histamine, which stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion, gut-brain peptides which control long and short-term appetite regulation as well as energy balance, and somatostatin which inhibits gastric secretion and motility, helps maintain the rate at which the stomach empties, signals the pancreas to release its juice, signals the secretion of bile and contraction of the gallbladder, and helps to reduce blood circulation and nutrient absorption in the small intestine . Once mixed with the gastric juices the bolus becomes a mixture called chyme. To create this mixture the stomach has to contract vigorously to mix the bolus with the gastric juices. In the stomach once chyme is formed it is no longer digested or broken down. The acid in the stomach, which is hydrochloric acid, is used to destroy bacteria; further breaking down food masses, the breakdown of proteins and some lipids, and it ultimately stops the digestion of carbohydrates because it stops the actions of the amylase in the saliva. This all occurs as the stomach is contracting to mix

Gastric acid are juices involved in digestion of food and kills bacteria in the stomach. It is produced by the parietal cells found on the wall of the stomach. Parietal cells have a region known as secretory nacaliculus which is the most acidic environment and forms the cellular site for gastric acid secretion into the lumen. This acid is secreted into the lumen following a message from the paracrine, hormonal and neurocrine inputs (Waldum et al., 2014). The G cells produce gastrin

Over the years, anti-inflammatory agents, formerly known as “aspirin-like drugs” such as piroxicam, phenyzone, dipyrone and phenacetin

There are brands and generics of a plethora of medicines. However, is one better than the other based on effectiveness is the most important? The dissolving rate is part of understanding how effective a drug can work. Even looking at the effect the medicine of pH of the stomach is vital.

amounts of HCl in the stomach also leads to a disease known as acid reflux where these acidic

Allergic rhinitis (AR), occurs in people with a genetic predisposition to developing allergies. Although all people are constantly exposed to environmental allergens, it is only those patients with the innate ability to become sensitized that develop symptoms. An assessment on Donna’s environment is crucial to determine potential triggers to allergic rhinitis. The environment history should focus on exposure to allergens such as pollens, furred animals, textile flooring, tobacco smoke, humidity levels at home as well as potential toxic substances exposure at work, school, or home. More so, Donna should be asked about current medication and drug use that can lead to symptoms of allergic rhinitis. The medications include, beta blockers, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, hormone therapy, as well as recreational drugs such as cocaine. In addition, it is important to ask if she has used any over-the-counter medications to manage her symptoms. Donna should also be asked questions concerning family history of atopic disease, and occurrence of comorbidities such as mouth breathing, snoring, sleep apnea, asthma, nasal polys, otitis media, conjunctivitis, and other nasal symptoms including frequency and duration of “colds” episodes (Small, & Kim,

Aspirin is a commonly used pain killer and an anti-inflammatory. Hagiwara, Kaneko, Murata, Ikegami, and Oshima (2014) reported that aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is used to treat trauma, infections, and rheumatic diseases. Hagiwara et al. (2014) stated that,” a dose of ASA of greater than 150 mg/kg is toxic, and ASA intake of more than 500 mg/kg causes severe toxicosis” (p. 72). Since an overdose of ASA could be fatal, it is important that companies list the exact amount of aspirin in one tablet. The purpose of this lab is to confirm that aspirin tablets contain the amount of medicine that is advertised on the bottle. If the aspirin bottle states that there is 325 mg in one tablet, then there should be 325 mg of aspirin found when titrated. In an acid base reaction, both solutions are neutralized when there are equal parts of acid and base. This relationship is vital to determine the concentration of a solution through standardization. (Northern Virginia Community College, 2016, para. 1). Solutions are standardized by using titration, which is a method of measuring the volume of a solution needed to fully react and neutralize another reagent (Northern Virginia Community College, 2016, para. 1). To know when the solutions are equivalent, an indicator called phenolphthalein is put into the solution with

To begin talking about acid production and secretion, we have first to consider talking about the physiology of the stomach. The stomach consists of three basic parts, the fundus the body and the antrum, which are divided into two glandular regions, the oxyntic, and pyloric mucosa (Lewis, Heitkemper and Dirksen, 2014). In the oxyntic gland mucosa, lays the parietal cells,