Which Who Region Includes Your Country?

Through internal conflicts of north and south, Sudan were able to rid of the British-Egyptian. “Sudan gained independence from the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium, the joint British and Egyptian government that administered Sudan. At the time, the new country was 1/3 the size of the contiguous U.S. and hosted about 600 ethnic groups speaking over 400 languages.” With all the different ethnic groups in the area the joint British and Egyptian government would not be able to handle all inner conflicts of multiple situations such as, territory, religion, tribal groups, language, and mainly northern and southern conflicts. Causing the British and Egyptian century long control of Sudan to come to an end. With the end of one control of power leading independence, the first civil war between the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army and Arab government began. “The First Sudanese Civil War: Africans, Arabs, and Israelis in the Southern Sudan… The first civil war in Southern Sudan is a crucial chapter in the national narrative of Sudan after independence.” The first civil war was caused by the change of region from Egyptian to the British rule. The Egyptians had Sudan split into two regions a north region and a south region. However when the British took control both regions were merged into a single area, as part of a British strategy. The merging of the two regions caused major conflicts between religions in the area, with Southern Sudan being inhabited by mostly Christians and Animists, while most of the north were Muslims who were culturally Arabic. Once British and Egypt granted Sudan their independence, that is when conflicts because to heat up drastically and the first civil war was in progress. The results of the first Sudanese civil war were continuous conflicts that had sparked a second civil war in the

‘The war in Darfur” is an armed conflict in the Sudan Darfur region that began in 2003 and is still ongoing, and in 2005 it was later declared as a civil war against Chad and Central African Republic.

C.A country likely constitutes a formal political region because within its boundaries certain conditions of nationality, law, and political tradition prevail.

They were not provided with the same nutrition or aide that white soldiers were given. It was in the 1960s, decades after World War II, that some African nation states finally gained their independence. They fought for European land and European values, such as the French’s “Liberté, Equalité, Fraternité,” without ever experiencing a share in those rights. This matter of principle coupled with their poor treatment, lack of compensation and sometimes outright murder by European powers led to continent-wide movement towards independence (Laumann). It was as if Europe had finally crossed a line and the African people could not longer allow their colonization to continue. Most countries began with peaceful protests; however, the European domination of the indigenous people and use of firepower quickly snuffed them out in certain countries such as Algeria (Laumann 64). The second World War had a striking impact on the struggle for independence among African countries, especially for African veterans previously enlisted in European wars, because it sparked a feeling of nationalism among African people who were tired of “the hypocrisy of the Allied powers” (Laumann 67-68). These feelings of nationalism helped connect Africans across the continent and aided them in their arguments and protests for independence. Marxism and the Pan-African movements also played a large role in the freeing of African

“What is poverty? Poverty is hunger. Poverty is lack of shelter. Poverty is being sick and not being able to see a doctor. Poverty is not having access to school and not knowing how to read. Poverty is not having a job, is fear for the future, living one day at a time. Poverty is losing a child to illness brought about by unclean water. Poverty is powerlessness, lack of representation and freedom” (The World Bank, 2009).

Chad, a developing country with a high rate of undernourished people, has many different reasons for this. With Chad’s economy evolving, the amount of money the made compared to other countries is significantly lower, causing the malnutrition. Chad’s GDP per capita, the amount of money made per a person, is a shocking $2,600, compared to $57,466 in the United States (Means). People in Chad have a hard time buying the food because it is so expensive; however because Chad does not have enough money, it cannot help the suffering people.Therefore, the fatal situation in Chad remains the same. Civil wars, many occurring in the past 20 years, are another cause of Chad’s developing state. All the civil wars led to lower education for the population

The start of a significant rebellion against authority initially began on the 5TH of July 1960 where it rapidly spread throughout the Congolese state. Europeans, with the majority of them being Belgians fled from the indigenous army, renamed the Congolese National Army, and returned with colossal and forceful Belgian troops. There was no authorization from president Josh Kasavubu and prime minister, Patrice Lumumba and so, this caused mayhem. Independence was gained yet Belgian

In 1830 Napoleon concord Algeria and turned it into a department of France. Algeria also became apart of the French Government and Republic. Then the civil war begun. It all started when a proclamation was made to restorate the Algerian democracy that sent attacks all over. This all quickly turned into war with civilians caught in the middle. The French wanted to stop this fighting and tried to improve the well-being for Algerians population but FLN wanted independence.

After a brief period of no serious transgressions, the Boko Haram incursions start to surface, which sparks tension with northern Nigeria, and fear starts to spread. However, now with the help of Chad pledging military support in January 2015, once again Cameroon has created another alliance, and is attempting to solidify its place in

The land by Lake Chad has been homed by people since 500 b.c. as stated by (http://www.infoplease.com/country/chad.html.) Over the thousands of years a trio of rival kingdoms rose. They were called, Kanem-Bornu, Baguirmi, and Ouaddai. This trio began to become united underneath the rule of the Sudanese ruler, Rabih al-Zubayr, around 1883 to 1893. After this the French turned all three kingdoms into a colony known as French Equatorial Africa which is part of Ubangi-Shari (now the Central African Republic) as shown on (http://www.infoplease.com/country/chad.html.)

According to the video, it all started when François Bozizé, the army’s chief joined forces with Idriss Déby – Chad’s oil-rich president and took control over the country. For eight years, Idriss would help Bozizé to remain in power by directing Chadian troops in moments of crisis. Nevertheless, Idriss backtracked when he noticed that Bozizé was getting closer with South Africa and felt that his business was jeopardized. Infuriated, he sent some Muslim rebels from the north and east CAR to take over the country. When the Seleka came to power, many Christians discerned that they were being embattled whereas the Muslims were spared. The Christians could not digest this and were filled with hatred and frustration towards the Muslims, even those

While still struggling to achieve peace with Sudan since its independence in 2011, South Sudan is now rife with inner-conflict. Rebel forces led by the former Vice-President Riek Machar want to overthrow the South Sudanese government, led by President Salva Kiir.

Independence movements have occurred across the globe as long as countries have existed. Stronger and more developed countries frequently attempt to grow their empires through means of colonization or imperialism which leave long-lasting effects on nations and generations to come. The two nations that I have chosen to compare and contrast with regards to independence movements are Morocco and Brazil. Each country experienced pros and cons during the time they were under the control of different nations and each was able to establish independence after growing pains and frustrations occurred.

Furthermore, another source of the problem began with the gradual change of the climate in Darfur. Desertification, a process by which land becomes increasingly dry until almost no vegetation grows on it, becomes a major problem for the Darfur people. Land for farming becomes scarce. Living on desert is unsuitable for humans for obvious reasons: lack of food and, more importantly, lack of water. There is not much suitable farm land, therefore “the lack of fertile land caused the populations to compete with one another for land on which they could survive” (Xavier 18). Before desertification became a huge problem for the Sudanese people, they lived in peace. Honestly, “the hostility between Darfur’s Arabs and Africans are relatively new” (Xavier 20). This shows how the competition for survival helped fuel the terrible genocide in Darfur.

Unfortunately, it was estimated that roughly 1.2 billion people in 1993 lived in extreme or absolute poverty, that which Robert McNamara regards “‘a condition of life so characterized by malnutrition, illiteracy, disease, squalid surroundings, high infant mortality and low life expectancy as to be beneath any reasonable standard of human dignity’” (Singer 219, 220). These estimates can be projected at nearly 2 billion today. A large majority of the people living in absolute poverty resides in underdeveloped countries. Among the nearly 4.4 billion people in these countries, “3/5 lives in societies lacking basic sanitation; 1/3 go without safe drinking water; 1/4 lack adequate housing; 1/5 are undernourished, and 1.3 billion live on less than $1 a day” (Speth 1).