While Children’S Delinquency Has Been Tied To A Wide Variety

“Any form of delinquent behavior is 7.6% points lower among boys living with their biological fathers and is 8.5% points lower among boys who live with stepfathers and have no relationship with their biological fathers” (Cobb-Clark and Tekin, 2013). When it comes to adolescent girls, Cobb-Clark and Tekin (2013) found that if they live with their biological father, they are less likely to be involved in violent behavior, sell drugs and be involved in gangs than adolescent girls without fathers (Cobb-Clark and Tekin, 2013). This is about a 3.6%-point difference between girls with fathers and girls without fathers (Cobb-Clark and Tekin, 2013). In East et al. (2006) research for adolescent girls, it found that if the father left a girl’s life when she was five years old or younger, that child’s rate of teen pregnancy was increased compared to children whose father was absent between the ages of five and thirteen and those whose father was not absent. When adolescent boys were compared to adolescent girls, research done by Cobb-Clark and Tekin ( 2013) showed that adolescent boys engaged in more delinquent behavior than adolescent girls when there is no father figure present. This can carry on into the child’s adult life as

this is point out that family, school and other social environment can lead young people to be a good person or a person who break law. I will focus on parts of family and school to support Rio’s idea. There is evidence that family relations are closely linked to (non) crimes. In a study examining the impact of social control on crime, these studies found a negative correlation between parental attachment and crime. Therefore, the greater the attachment to parents, the less likely they are to engage in illegal activities. It is noteworthy that in only one study of this report, only one parent was found to have no influence on criminal behavior (Brannigan et al., 2002). Also according to Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck’s article of “Unraveling Juvenile Delinquency”, they found that the impact of fathers and mothers on children is one of the five best predictors of crime. They also found that from another perspective, emotional relationships between children and their parents tend to be weaker among criminals. From this we can conclude that family attachment plays a role in the child's socialization and maintains his or her subsequent compliance with social rules. Researchers report that home attachments may explain the obvious impact of other variables. These interrelationships are certainly evidence of the importance of parental supervision. They are better seen as evidence of the importance of communication between parents and children (Glueck, S., & Glueck, E. 1950).

“The so-called traditional family, with a male breadwinner and a female who cares for the home, is a thing of the past” (Siegel, Welsh, & Senna, 2003, p. 194). This particular type of family structure can no longer be considered normal. Sex role changes have created a family in which the mother now plays a greater role in society and the economic process. The number of households that have children living with both parents has substantially declined. “Early social science researchers asserted that the “broken home” was the single most important factor in understanding delinquency” (Burfeind & Bartusch, 2011, p. 185). Less than half of the children born today will live continuously with their mother and father throughout their childhood. A disturbed home environment is believed to have a significant impact on delinquency. Family is the contributing unit towards children’s values and attitudes that mark the paths throughout their lives.

This research is important because understanding what makes a juvenile delinquent is necessary to know. Parents can be educated on what is affecting their teen to contribute to delinquent behavior. The family structure has been avoided by many citizens. Educating the public on the family structure can make a different in a teen’s life.

The International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies article titled, “Incarcerated Mothers and Fathers: How their Absences Disrupt Children’s High School Graduation” by Huynh-Hohnbaum, Bussell, and Lee (2015) details a great deal of research on how parental incarceration affects the children in regards to education. Lately, along with the entire justice system, parental incarceration has also been scrutinized for its effects on the children of incarcerated parents and how well they do in school as well as the other effects an incarcerated parent has on other aspects of a child’s life. Huynh-Hohnbaum, Bussell and Lee (2015) point out that having an incarcerated mother seems to have a greater effect on a child, but having either parent

In addition to the aforementioned casual explanation the link between parental imprisonment and children delinquency may be based on family risk factor that predated the father involvement in the criminal justice. Incarcerated fathers and incarcerated men more generally tend to be highly disadvantages before their time in prison or jail with low levels of education and high rates of drug use mental health problem and impulsitively. Whatever the role of parental imprisonment in children development and behavior delinquency is shaped not only by family circumstances and more over the interaction among the individuals in the

In efforts to understand the implications of parental incarceration on children, researchers have posited a series of theoretical frameworks, such as ecological system (Poehlmann, Dallaire, Loper, & Shear, 2010), attachment, and bonding and strain theories (Murray & Farrington, 2008). A robust amount of research has been done addressing how children are affected by the separation of an incarcerated parent, yielding results that indicate detrimental psychological, social, and emotional effects and susceptibility to maladaptive behavior (Murray & Farrington, 2008; “Pew Charitable Trusts”, 2010; Murray, Farrington, & Sekol, 2012).

Where parents and their children reside can have a huge impact on their lives in many different aspects. Children with parents that are incarcerated, are typically raised in poor and poverty stricken neighborhoods. “Of course there are middle-class and even some wealthy offenders, but when proportioned, over 90 percent of offenders are what we would define as poor” (Maier 93). “Poverty is the big background picture, the framework, the major context for crime, criminal behavior, and incarceration” (Maier 93). Although it may not be preventable, living in areas where crime occurs so regularly and drugs are at such easy access, it is hard for these parents to avoid it all and they end up falling short to the temptation of it all. So for those living in

In a study of children that had a family member or family associate incarcerated prior to their 18th birthday, Loper & Nichols (2012) attempted to address the impact that such incarceration had on such children. It was expected, consistent with previous literature, that household incarceration would have an impact on academic outcomes. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between household incarceration and two outcomes: failure to graduate high school and extended school absence. Loper and Nichols (2012) examined three factors:

In contrast to the psychiatric model, the social approach has its focus on the interactions that take place between the family and society. Here, the emphasis is put on the interaction between the family and the society, which exerts pressure. The defect does not lay in the individual, but is within the system. The stress that society places on the family increases tension which can leave the family vulnerable to dysfunction. Frequent stress causes friction such as financial problems and a socially isolated life.(Cicchetti & Calrson, 1991) . The Control Theory of Delinquency suggests that delinquent acts are a product of a disconnection between the individual and the society. The lack of social support that places parents into a high risk category for abuse is a broken bond between the individual and the

Hewitt, 2009). Especially, when the report showed that the older adolescents and adolescent from a larger family were more at risk to be a delinquent (Kierkus & Hewitt, 2009). Children living in cohabitating families are subject to delinquency as well. Apel and Kaukinen (2008) performed a study on the correlation of family dynamic and antisocial behavior that emphasized on parental cohabitation and blended households by means of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. Findings were not a surprise; it considered the diversity in the risk associated with antisocial and delinquent behavior among the youth who existed in the division as traditional and nontraditional families (Apel & Kaukinen, 2008). With that being said, Apel and

From research, one of the most controversial studies on child deviant behavior involved the parents and/or guardians acting as the key component of informal social control. When a family separation occurs, there are no mechanisms in place to control children from becoming involved in antisocial behavior and a broken home is a strong indicator of a child’s law violating activities. A broken home is defined as a

Kierkus and Hewitt (2009) in The Contextual Nature of the Family Structure/Delinquency relationship discussed how family structure is an important factor in delinquency but there might also be other factors that influence this type of behavior. The relationship between a nontraditional family structure and delinquency differs according to six distinct circumstances: gender, race, age, socioeconomic status (SES), family size, and place of residence (Kierkus and Hewitt, 2009). After analyzing these circumstances only age and family size affect more the family structure/delinquency relationship considering teens who suffered from parental attachment are older and come from larger families (Kierkus and Hewitt, 2009).

As per Families and Living Arrangements (2006), there were 12.9 million one-parent families in 2006, 10.4 million custodial mother families and 2.5 million custodial father families" (Bergman, 2006). Over the years, research has made many efforts in looking for what factors impact the juvenile delinquency. Most Studies demonstrate that single parent households is a key factor in such behaviors. Some have concluded that one out of each two kids living in the U.S will grow up in a single parent home before they turn the age of eighteen. In many cases adolescents are unaware of how to manage these feelings and tend to cope by taking part in criminal behaviors to release their frustration. As a result of being a single parent, there is usually a lack time to help these adolescents better manage the dissatisfaction of having only parent at the home. This also effects that child’s relationship with the parent, as well as, the parents

As per Families and Living Arrangements (2006), there were 12.9 million one-parent families in 2006, 10.4 million custodial mother families and 2.5 million custodial father families" (Bergman, 2006). Over the years, research has made many efforts in looking for what factors impact the juvenile delinquency. Most Studies demonstrate that single parent households is a key factor in such behaviors. Some have concluded that one out of each two kids living in the U.S will grow up in a single parent home before they turn the age of eighteen. In many cases adolescents are unaware of how to manage these feelings and tend to cope by taking part in criminal behaviors to release their frustration. As a result of being a single parent, there is usually a lack time to help these adolescents better manage the dissatisfaction of having only parent at the home. This also effects that child’s relationship with the parent, as well as, the parents relationship