White Dwarfs : The Remnants Of Stars

"Syzygy" is also the shortest English word containing three "y"s. 18.) Answer: ~1.44 One solar mass is equal to the mass of the Sun, about 2 nonillion kilograms. If a white dwarf were to exceed ~1.44 solar masses, its electron degeneracy pressure would not be able to support it.

The life cycle of a star is dependent on its mass. The larger the mass, the quicker it will die out, whereas stars which are no more than half the size of our Sun can live up to hundreds of billion years. However no matter how large the star is,

Comparing red giants to the sun, they are about 1000 times larger. Compared to the sun’s temperature, a red giants temperature is about half as much. This is because the same amount of energy has to be spread out across a much more massive star causing it to be cooler than it was before. The name red giant was given to these stars because the change in temperature causes the star to shine in the redder part of the spectrum. Stars can spend anywhere between 1000 years and one billion years in the red giant phase. After a certain amount of time, the helium finally runs out and fusion stops. Since there is no more helium, gravity pushes the star inward. The stars outer atmosphere is then blown out into huge clouds of gas and dust which is known as planetary nebulae. These clouds of gas and dust are then made to make new stars. As for the core of the star, it is still there. The star is now a white dwarf. White dwarf stars occur when the red giant loses its outer atmosphere. White dwarf stars are extremely hot because they are composed of only the core of the star which is the hottest

What is left after the huge explosion is another dwarf star, a neutron star, or the fierce black hole. A neutron star is about the size of a city like Los Angeles, but has the mass of about two suns. This means it is incredibly dense and has an unbelievable gravitational pull, almost 2 billion times that on earth. In fact, this pull is so strong that it bends radiation and allows astronomers to see the back of the star. They also spin up to 48 thousand times per minute due to the energy from the supernova.

All over our galaxy are pockets of space, filled with dust and gas. Some of these clouds are denser than others, and every once and a while, a cloud of this gas begins squeezing together due to its own gravity. This is when a star begins to form. The cloud

Main sequence stars like our own sun enduring in a state of nuclear fusion during which they will produce energy for billions of years by replacing hydrogen to helium. Stars change over billions of years. When their main sequence phase ends they pass through other states of existence according to their size and other characteristics. The larger a star's mass, the shorter its lifespan is. As stars move toward the end of their lives, much of their hydrogen will be converted to helium. Helium sinks to the star's core and raises the star's temperature—causing its outer shell to expand. These large, puffy stars are known as Red Giants. The red giant phase is actually a prelude to a star shedding its outer layers and becoming a small, dense body called a White Dwarf. White dwarfs cool down for billions and billions of years, until they finally go dark and produce no energy at all. Once this happens, scientists have yet to observe, such stars become known as Black Dwarfs. A few stars avoid this evolutionary path and instead go out with a bang, exploding as Supernovae. These violent explosions leave behind a small core that will then turn into something called a Neutron Star or even, if the remainder is large enough, it is then turned into something called a Black Hole.

One day the universe will turn dark forever as the last star fizzles out and that star will most likely be a red dwarf. When a red dwarf star forms it possesses important properties that give it the potential to host rocky planets similar to Earth. Therefore the creation and resulting properties of red dwarfs form stars that can provide energy to planets which may one day be hospitable to life forms. First the process of formation of red dwarfs will be explained. Then, the properties of these stars will be examined. Finally, the importance of red dwarf stars’ existence will be considered.

This star is formed after a large star has had a supernova explosion. These stars are usually very dense and will eventually produce a black hole. Magnetar is a neutron star with an extremely strong magnetic field. Magnetar stars are highly magnetic objects, they are even stronger than Earth. It is also 100 to 1,000 times stronger than radio pulsar. Because we are unsure how this star can be as strong as it is, theorist say it would have to rotate between 100 to 1,000 times per second. Brown Dwarfs is the in between size of a giant planet and a large star. This star is also a very dense star, but not as dense as the white dwarf. When a star is dying it squeezes all its matter into a tiny space, this is called a Black Hole. Their gravity is so strong from all the matter in a tiny space that nothing, not even light can escape. You can’t detect a Black Hole with the naked eye because it's actually invisible, you need a science telescope to identify them. The Cepheid Variable stars light brightens and dims many times. It’s like when the sun is out then goes behind a cloud then comes back out

White dwarfs are an effect of small star deaths. White dwarfs form when a star runs out of hydrogen to create energy with using nuclear fusion. The star's gravity takes over due to no energy pushing back. The star then becomes extremely dense forcing atoms together. The hot ball is then left in space to cool over billions of years. No known white dwarf has ever cooled because the universe is only 13.7 billion years old and some of the first white dwarfs are still thousands of degrees

They are larger and cooler with temps ranging from 3,500- 4,500K. When fusion of helium is rapid, the star expands. When fusion is slow, the star may condense and form a blue supergiant.

Formation There are three main categories when For smaller stars when the nuclear fuel is exhausted and there are no more nuclear reactions opposing gravity the repulsive forces among the electrons within the star eventually generate enough pressure to prevent further gravitational collapse. The star then starts to cool and “die peacefully” comparatively, this type of star is called a white dwarf. When a very massive star about fifteen times the mass of the Sun collapses after it has exhausted its nuclear fuel it explodes as a supernova (currently the largest explosions that are known to take place in space) eventually forming a black hole. [1.1][2]

When giant stars die in supernova and their core collapse that is when a neutron star is created.This neutron star is several times bigger than the sun.Because the neutrons are tightly put together into a super dense object the supernova is very heavy it weighs about 100 million tons.

These stars usually lose their outer layers, which are mostly composed of hydrogen. As is known, many stars in our universe are binary star systems; binary star systems allow for the pair of stars to exchange mass and gravitationally affect one another. Because Wolf-Rayet stars are usually in binary systems, astronomers hypothesize that the star is growing because it is exchanging mass with the other star – essentially, it is gradually consuming the other star. Since the Wolf-Rayet star is surrounded by a large disk, it is possible that the Wolf-Rayet is forming a nebula (a disk) where star formation may occur, (5). The forming star now undergoes its own process of, as Voyobyov puts it, “cannibalism on astronomical scales,” (4). As observed with hydrodynamic simulations, “…gravitationally unstable disks can exhibit FU Orionis–type outbursts when fragments are driven onto the protostar…,” (2). In other words, more mass added to the disk that surrounds a forming star would make the disk unstable and cause fragmenting to occur. Hence, the fragments will most likely interact with the forming star causing these outbursts of energy (3). The outbursts of energy are caused by both of the reasons stated previously. According to astronomers, the one idea that has been ruled out, however, is that these stars are growing to the size of a Wolf-Rayet star solely by their stellar winds. In fact, their

Neutron stars are “an incredibly object made of neutron’s, like a giant atomic nucleus.” In the year 1934 two astronomers at CIT made predictions that a collapse of a large star or sun would produce a neutron star. When a star 's mass exceeds roughly 1.4M and has a

Stellar Nebula made out of stars.Which are made of huge clouds,dust of gases,and plasma swirls areound.In photographs they are not moving,but in space they actually are moving all the time.When the dust,hydrogen,helium,and plasma swirls around they begin to stick together and form into a large blobs.When they big they start