White Mountain National Forest Wilderness Areas

Every forest has a story to tell. By looking closely at its habitants, that story can be interpreted. Much of this narrative is written in the trees: their age, their tolerance to shade, and the rate at which they grow are all characteristics that can imply a lot about their environment. Exploring these relationships and how they connect with each other can indicate the health and history of the land. Heiberg Forest, located in northern New York, was once used for agricultural purposes in the 1800-1900’s. (Nowak, Lecture Notes) Much of the land once used for farming was left to regrow back into a young forest. The life history of different tree species can be determined by examining the most common species in Heiberg.

The wilderness and forests need to be saved for the future generations, and a sort of “wilderness bank” needs to be formed in order to keep the reality of the wilderness alive and keep mankind grounded to the earth.

The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) has been the center of a strident controversy and national debate that has raged for over 40 years. The question raising so much contention is whether the federal government should allow drilling for oil and natural gas with the levels of contention paralleling the rise and fall of gas prices. The National Democratic and Republican Parties have taken opposing positions in their national political platforms, with the debate emerging and re-emerging in Congress as a significant issue. The Republican are proponents of drilling whereas the Democrats are opposed. With Sen. Lisa Murkowski ascending to the top post of the Energy and Natural Resources Committee many observers believe that the Republicans will renew their push for drilling in the ANWR in the upcoming 114th Congress. This paper will explore the different arguments that are used to oppose drilling to protect the ANWR followed by arguments that are in support of drilling. As a result of a preliminary review of current literature outlining the pros and cons surrounding drilling, it is the thesis of this paper that drilling in the ANWR is unnecessary based on (1) the potential to cause irreversible damage to a very unique ecosystem that has not been adequately studied by scientists; and (2) the limited impact that drilling in the region will have on overall market prices and supplies due to the estimated small size of the ANWR’s oil and gas reserves. A brief history of the

An article on NPR titled, Landmark Deal Protects over 9 Million Acres of Canadian Rain Forest by Merritt Kennedy is considered a victory for the environment. After 10 years, a deal protecting over 9 million acres of Canadian rain forest is now permanent. The area is located on the Pacific Coast of British Columbia and it is about the size of Ireland. It is a vast piece of land named “The Great Bear Rainforest,” and according to the report, “represents the largest tracts of intact temperate rainforest on Earth." The forest has a complex mixture of oceans, mountains, fjord, old forest, and salmon streams. A rarity amongst rain forest on Earth, therefore it took several years of negotiation before reaching a deal.

The Wilderness Act restricts the use of mechanical transport. Ten to twelve percent of all United States lands are

One of America’s greatest conservation achievements is the Wilderness Act of 1964. Fifty-two years later, this act has a legacy to withhold. A legacy that meant something in 1964 and remains the same today: to protect unspoiled land. Even though, through this act millions of acres have been conserved, the key word is continue. That is why America should pass laws to preserve the wilderness before developers spoil them.

Fire has long been understood to have an impact on the ecosystem of our native woodlands, but it is only recently that we have come to understand its importance in maintaining the ecosystem. This report takes samples of the flora structure and growth in two different areas of Anstey Hill Recreation Park. The first was last burnt in 1995, and the second burnt in 2012. The results of these samples can be compared to data sampled in 2011, when the 2012 burnt area had not been burnt since Ash Wednesday in 1983.

The American Wilderness Coalition has created a system that preserves 110 million acres of land in the United States. It was made possible through The Wilderness Act that was passed in 1964. This was written by Howard Zahniser who was one of the groups own members. The Wilderness Society, along with many other conservation groups have been lobbying, which has created the passing of a handful of bills.

The Ocala National Forest, located in north central Florida (Figure 1), encompasses approximately 383,000 acres and is rich in water resources with more than 600 lakes, springs, and rivers (United States Department of Agriculture, 2017). The forest also has a variety of historic, recreation, and scenic locations (Hollis, 2016). Of the 150 National Forests declared during United States President Theodore Roosevelt’s tenure, on November 24, 1905, the Ocala National Forest was the second established east of the Mississippi (United States Department of Agriculture, 2017). Along with springs, lakes, and rivers, the forest also has unique geomorphic features related to natural hazards. Indeed, the Yearling and Lake Eaton Trails, both located in the

History of land: In 1889 when Seattle began to take ownership of the watershed, about 3000 acres of timber had already been logged (seattle.gov). Sometime between 1650 and 1675 a large fire sweep through the area about 1600 feet elevation, by 1900 the upper forest was over 250 years old and consisted of fir, hemlock, and small amounts of cedar and spruce (seattle.gov). Between 1900 and 1924 a lot of

This is what we changed. The Wilderness act, SNN act, and the BWCA act protect the forest and keep it wilderness. The Wilderness act designated the BWCA as a unit of wilderness preservation system. It recognizes the history and character. They made the BWCA to help preserve that area. In 1933 MN also protected state lands. In 1394 the president's Quetico Superior committee was formed with Ober as a member. The BWCA act banned logging, mineral prospecting, mining; all but banned snowmobile use; limited motorboat

the hands of businessmen, laying everything out on the market. Unfamiliar with the ways of politics and economics, tribal communities would initially be supportive of the idea that they finally have the land to themselves and may be able to uses it without governmental surveyance. In many cases, mismanagement of business lead to dead ends and bankrupcies. Heavy in dept, the rights to the land goes to creditors ready to expoit. In a particular case, the Navajo Forest Products Industry (NFPI), who occupied forest land that was almost depleted of old growth, conducted logging of younger trees until the forest was devastated. Normally, such plans would have to go through Washington’s Bureau of Indian Affairs via EIS, ESA, etc. to meet several requirements prior to approval. According to BIA’s reasoning, NFPI was exempted from having to conduct an audit or EIS.

In Area 2, the species with the highest dominance value was the Oregon White Oak (70.6%). Oregon White Oaks provide shelter, housing, and food to various animals as well. Diversity of birds is often higher in Oregon White Oaks than in an adjacent coniferous forest. Using the dominance data, it tells us that at this moment in time Oregon Oak and

In 1998, the US Forest Service sent a team to figure out why a lot of trees were dying in the Malheur National Forest in east Oregon. They determined the area that was affected. They also took a little over 100 samples of the dead and dying trees. The tests revealed that the trees

I am writing to you in regard to the Bridger -Teton National Forest. It is “the largest intact ecosystem in the lower 48 United States. Offering nearly 1.2 million acres of designated Wilderness, over 3,000 miles of road and trail and thousands of miles of unspoiled rivers and streams.” (USDA Forest Service)