White Nose Syndrome Research Paper

with a placebo. The bats should be placed in a cave like setting and the effects of

A donor bat will give blood to a bat that has not had a meal so that this bat can have the opportunity to hunt again, giving an increased chance that it will reciprocate to another bat that has not had a meal, enabling the roost to maintain survival. In the event that a recipient bat does not reciprocate in the future, that bat will not be donated to if it needs it in the future, thus allowing for recipient bats to be donor bats in the future as needed.

Margaret Atwood contradicts humans to bats in the short story, “ My Life as a Bat,” by illustrating the roles and perspectives to differentiate each substance from one another. Atwood depicts, “ That was the plan. Death by flaming bat. The bats too would have died,of course. Acceptable megadeaths” (88-89). This portrays the role of a human being prejudiced to bats and mistreating them. In the role, humans are the ones causing harm to bats and themselves, they were planning to use destructive weapons on the bats but, it would have put humans on a deadly risk. The bats aren’t doing anything wrong, they are very innocent and just happen to be in a wrong time zone. On the other hand, by the myths of humans, they think otherwise about bats. Citizens

Three bat species feed solely on blood. I found this information on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vampire_bat) researched and written by Authur M Greenhall. What they do pray on as it says in section 40. and she has put in the text that “This is a desert. The yuccas are in a bloom and I have been gorging myself on their juices and pollen.” Pollen comes from flowers. This statement is true i researched and found that Most bats eat insects and are called insectivores. These bats especially like to eat mosquitoes, beetles, and moths. And they sure do eat a lot of insects. There are some bats that like to eat fruit, seeds, and pollen from flowers. These bats are called frugivores. Their favorite foods are figs, mangoes, dates, and bananas. I found this information to be true and my finding also came from (Elizabeth Hagen. (2009, November 4)Bats. ASU - Ask A Biologist. Retrieved December 5, 2015 from http://askabiologist.asu.edu/bat-food. In conclusion Margaret Atwood's story My Life as a Bat has some accurate facts inside of the story, Margaret did a good job of describing what a everyday bats lifestyle looks and feels

Chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps is an inflammatory disorder of the nose and the paranasal sinuses characterized by two or more symptoms of nasal congestion or anterior/posterior nasal discharge with either facial pain or reduced/absent sense of smell, lasting more than 12 weeks and either endoscopic signs of polyps, mucopurulent discharge and/or edema primarily in middle meatus or computed tomography (CT) changes with mucosal changes within the osteomeatal complex and/or

High pitch sound deterrents are the popular way in repelling the bats and they are used not only for bats but for other pesky animals as well. These high-frequency machines are transmitting the noise that only bats can hear, but they will soon become immune to the sound and completely will ignore it. Another wrong method against bats, you can only lose your money on these machines, they are just not worth it. Even the Federal Trade Commission has issued a warning against these devices, describing them as fraudulent and ineffective.

The bad news is that no bat repellent proved its effectiveness and the only way to successfully remove the bats is an exclusion. There are many of commercial bat repellents that you could buy, but they will only make more problems for you, they will not solve them. They will not work on any bat, the bats will act like the repellents isn’t even there. Don’t be fooled if the bat left your house for a couple of hours, it is not because of the repellent, once they’ve found a nice place to live, they will always come back.

The virus continues to reproduce and circulate, ultimately into saliva where it can transmit to other B cells in the host as well as to new hosts

Zoonotic potential: found in parts of the tropics, subtropics, and southern Europe, starting to see some cases in usa. transmission by bite of sand-fly that has fed off an infected mammalian host. Least 93

rostratum is typically nonpathogenic and is commonly found in the environment. Under normal conditions, the dematiaceous fungus lives in the soil and only causes disease in plants. It contains high levels of melanin and is brown or black in appearance. E. rostratum causes disease in plants, such as leaf spot, blight, and rot (Gauthier, 2013). This fungus rarely causes disease in humans. The Katragkou literature review of 2014 used forty-eight published cases of Exserohilum infections. Another literature review found 33 cases between 1950 and 2006 (Adler, 2006). The majority of infections were in immunocompromised patients of related to trauma (Adler 2006, Katragkou, 2014). Only nine of the 48 cases used for the Katragkou study had no underlying condition (Katragko, 2014). Both studies found a majority of infections impacted the skin, cornea, lungs, or sinuses (Adler, 2006; Katragkou, 2014). Infections most commonly occur in India, Israel, and the United States (Adler, 2006; Katragkou,

Researchers have discovered something they haven’t know bats could do. They have found out that bats can car a lethal disease but not be affected. Bats are able to keep their immune system up all the time which interests scientists. By analyzing bats they might be able protect people from diseases which are very harmful. Its interesting how this can happen because imagine the times that you’ve gotten sick get over the sickness but get whatever you had over again. In this article I found out that bats are infected by hundred viruses which they do not show any signs of being affected by. This confounds me because they are not affected but at the same time they can give some of these diseases to humans because some the diseases they have can affect humans.

According to the CDC there are simple steps in preventative measures when dealing with zoonotic diseases. The first is to know what zoonotic diseases are and how they are transmitted. The second is to constantly wash ones hands thoroughly and frequently especially when interacting with animals. Although one may pet their animal on a daily basis, this animal can still carry a virus and precautions should be taken. A major recommendation made by the CDC was to avoid direct contact with certain animal species and their personal environment. This is seen when individuals enter caves that are infested with bats who are one of the main carriers of zoonotic viruses. Another precaution that can be taken with this is not removing animals from their natural habitats in which the living and heath conditions of the inhabitants of that area are unknown. The final recommendation made by the CDC is to properly vaccinate animals against disease. Although this doesn’t help with animals in the wild it prevents animals that currently reside near humans from contacting these viruses and then continuing the spread from these humans to other

If a bird becomes diagnosed its best if the owner places the bird in a sterile environment away from other birds to prevent them catching the fungal infection, along with the owner wearing a mask and gloves due to the infection being zoonotic and transfers from animals to humans. There is specialist designed cages for different sizes of birds, or large birds an infra red lamp to keep the environment warm. Along with the cage in which the current birds which lived with the infected bird, the cage should be cleaned with sodium carbonate or another efficient

Sarah is studying to be a biologist in Albany, New York. During her first semester, she goes on a field trip to the local caverns. There her class watches hibernating bats. While they are visiting these caverns, they learn that this is the sight where a disease called White-Nose Syndrome (WNS) was first documented. White-Nose Syndrome, a disease in bats, affects species in Eastern North America, while they are hibernating, but there are safety measures a person can take, as well as research to find a cure.

Nasal congestion can be very bothersome. It can be caused by infections, allergies and other irritants or