White People In Montgomery

One such protest was the Montgomery bus boycott that led to the lifting of legal segregation on Montgomery Alabama public buses and also sparked many other social changes.

For more than a year, the African-American community in Montgomery successfully boycotted the city bus company, Montgomery City Bus Lines, which resulted in the loss of much needed revenue to support the city expenses. The Bus Boycott was the impetus for many whites to act violently towards African Americans in Montgomery. Being an avid member of the NAACP, King became much involved in the boycott. King's non-violent approach towards the boycott obviously drew a lot of attention. King's home in Montgomery was firebombed by openly racist members of the Ku Klux Klan [KKK] (Norrell 1). Seeing that the bus

Constitution. The 14th amendment guarantees all citizens, regardless of race, equal rights and equal protection under state and federal laws. The city appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which upheld the lower court's decision on December 20, 1956. Montgomery's buses were integrated on December 21, 1956, and the boycott ended. It had lasted 381 days. Even though in the eyes of the law the buses were integrated and the issue had been dealt with, African Americans still had to go through adversity and resistance from white people that usually resulted in violence. While the busses were integrated the people of Montgomery, Alabama figured out a new way to discriminate against African Americans, they retaliated with integrated bus stops and even violence. Occasionally snipers were paid to fire into public busses at African Americans in order to kill them and send a message. In January 1957, four black churches and the homes of prominent black leaders were bombed; a bomb at King's house was defuseq. On January 30, 1957, the Montgomery police arrested seven bombers; all were members of the Ku Klux Klan, a white

At this time, other local activists have been looking for an occasion to start a boycott of the Montgomery buses, where segregation was especially hurting black people. Most of the teachers of Montgomery, called for a one-day protest against the bus line, asking the blacks to stay at home or find another way to get to work or school. This strike hurted the bus system. The success of that one-day protest persuaded Montgomery civil rights leaders to organize a larger scale boycott of the buses.

On the morning of parks trial buses rumbled nearly empty through the streets of Montgomery. By the next morning the council led by Jo Ann Robinson had printed 52,000 fliers asking, Montgomery blacks to stay off the buses. It was an important and an accepted rule that whites sit in the front and the African American riders had to sit in the back of all buses. A group of about 50 African American leaders and one white minister, Robert Graetz, gathered in the basement of Dr. King?s church to endorse the boycott and begin planning a massive rally.

African American protests challenged the Jim Crow act during the Eisenhower administration. Several cases and organizations were created to fight against segregation. For example, the National Association for Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was raising funds to challenge segregation in education, and the Plessy v. Ferguson court case led to the creation of “separate, but equal.” Earl Warren thought the “separate, but equal” was not a good idea because black and white people were very different. Thus, the Ferguson court case was illegal because it was violating the 14th amendment. In March, 1956, the Southern Manifesto was signed by up to 100 men in the government to complain about the court’s abuse of judicial power. According to google, the Montgomery bus boycott lasted for about a year from 1955-56. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., responded with a boycott of the city bus system that started with Rosa Parks refusing to give her seat to a white person. The Montgomery bus boycott made MLK Jr. a good leader and became the leader of Southern Christian Leadership Conference in

The Montgomery Bus Boycott was successful because the protesters used nonviolence, the community helped each other, and the car pool was a major step in outcome. First of all, on March 22, 1956, Martin Luther King Jr. gives a speech and he states, “Democracy gives us this right to protest and that is all we are doing. We can say honestly that we have not advocated violence, have not practiced it, and have gone courageously on with a Christian movement”. This statement exemplifies that the protesters have done nothing wrong and they don’t plan on using violence. To continue, in a letter by Virginia Foster Durr written on January 30, 1956, she writes,“I think it is the first time that a whole Negro community has ever stuck together this way and

The montgomery Bus boycott is a major milestone in civil rights history because it was a civil rights movement international resistance for radical segregation and helped changed the view of disorderly conduct toward African American people in America In document # 6 Malcolm X says “ The Black man should take control of the politics of his own community and control the politicians who are in his own community”. This situation was successful because African American men did start to take control of things like the Civil Rights revolution. Although it wasn’t enough it was still there for

“For many years now Negroes in Montgomery and so many other areas have been inflicted with the paralysis of crippling fears on buses in our community. On so many occasions, Negroes have been intimidated and humiliated and impressed-oppressed-because of the sheer fact that they were Negroes.”

In his diary entry, Rustin states that, “42,000 Negroes have not ridden the busses since December 5… the police began to harass, intimidate, and arrest Negro taxi drivers who were helping get these people to work.” Rustin’s diary entry shows the atrocities African American citizens faced before the Montgomery Bus Boycott was successful. In Document D, Virginia Foster Durr, a white woman who supported African American civil rights, states in a letter that, “The Montgomery Bus Boycott is really making history… I think they [the Negro community] are going to win it.” Durr’s letter highlights the faith in African American civil rights, even among white folk during the Montgomery Bus Boycott events. Jo Ann Robinson, president of the Women’s Political Council that was made up of African American professional women, sent a respectful letter to the Mayor of Montgomery in 1954. Document B: Letter from Robinson to the Mayor states that, “We are happy to report that busses have begun stopping at more corners now in some sections where Negroes like than previously.” Robinson’s letter explicitly showcases the successful improvements the Montgomery Bus Boycott was making on

Montgomery City, Alabama. Black people formed the Montgomery Improvement Association and was led by Martin Luther King Jr. vs. Montgomery Bus. Sparked by what happened to Rosa Parks, the MIA boycotted the Montgomery Bus Company calling for the removal of the segregation. The boycott lasted for 381 days. Segregation on Montgomery Bus system ended.

The NAACP grew rapidly starting with 9,000 member in 1917 to 90,000 in 1919 (“National Association”). This growth was detrimental to the Civil Rights movement, that involved such things as the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas court case where the Supreme Court declared segregation unconstitutional (Mathews). The Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955 was also a case that the NAACP represented (Mathews). The NAACP continues today to “achieve equality of right and eliminate race prejudice among the citizens of the United States” (“National Association”). Without the support and inspiration from the NAACP, African Americans may never had many of the achievements in racial justice that they have in this

When entering Central High School, Melba had a difficult time adjusting because of all of the hate aimed towards her from the whites around her. Melba stated, "It's hard being with Little Rock white people. I don't know if I can do this integration thing forever. It feels like this is something people do for only a little while. I want to run away now. I want a happy day.” Although Melba wanted to give up, she had family and friends around her that continuously reminded her of the goal in mind, to bring change and peace by integrating Central. Thanks to Melba and the rest of the of the Little Rock Nine’s bravery, every school in the United States is integrated, accepting students of all races and ethnicities. This change has helped school aged children be exposed to one’s differences such as skin color, eventually leading them to accepting each other’s differences and their characteristics. In order to end segregation in Montgomery, Alabama, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference led a bus boycott. African Americans in the community were encouraged not to ride the buses in the area until their demands were met, fair treatment and integration on the buses. Although Rosa Parks was the one to ignite the movement, Martin Luther King Jr. and his organization were the ones that took initiative to bring the community together to make change. Even though African Americans wanted to give up because they were tired of walking and carpooling to places, they knew they had to do this in in order to improve their treatment in the future. The government in Alabama suffered, considering half of their bus riders were refusing to ride their buses. Without violence, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference was able hurt the government and get better the treatment of those who used public transportation in

As said by Rosa Parks,“You must never be fearful about what you are doing when it is right”.This means that when she sat in the front of the bus she was not fearful to get arrested and move because she wanted equal rights.The Civil Rights Movement was a mass popular movement for African Americans equal access to opportunities for the basic privileges and rights of U.S. citizenship. The African Americans were fighting for equal rights, and they wanted to be treated the same as everyone else. Martin Luther King Jr. was a Baptist minister and social activist, who led the Civil Rights Movement in the United States. A boycott is to stop using a product for example, the African Americans boycotted so they could stop riding the buses.The boycott was in Montgomery, Alabama. African Americans wanted to be equal to the whites because they were treated differently than the whites for everything. They wanted to be treated the way whites were being treated.The boycott took place in Alabama in 1955 and ended 1956.The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a successful protest because there were many ways besides the bus for African Americans to get around, the the bus companies lost money, and the protest were covered by the news.

During the Civil Rights movement of the 1950's and 60's, women played an undeniably significant role in forging the path against discrimination and oppression. Rosa Parks and Jo Ann Robinson were individual women whose efforts deserve recognition for instigating and coordinating the Montgomery Bus Boycotts of 1955 that would lay precedent for years to come that all people deserved equal treatment despite the color of their skin. The WPC, NAACP, and the Montgomery Churches provided the channels to organize the black public into a group that could not be ignored as well supported the black community throughout the difficult time of the boycott.