Arash Hajihosseini
European history
Peyman farzinpour
Arnold Schoenberg
Arnold Schoenberg was born on 13th September 1874 in Vienna. He started taking violin lessons at the age of 8. One year later he started composing music. He also took some counterpoint lessons but for the most part he was self-thought. He lost his father at the age of 15 so he had to provide for his family. He left school and got a job at a bank. At that time Vienna’s infrastructure was modernizing. Vienna became an industrial city and cultural life improved. Schoenberg could not afford the cultural venues because he was poor. He went to concerts and stood behind the fence so he could hear the music for free. Later he left the bank and started conducting and orchestrating
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When you play a note you can only play it again once you played all the other 11 notes. This is called a tone row. For Example, In opus 23 all 12 tone are presented in this order: C#, A, B, G, Ab, F#, Bb, D, E, Eb, C, F as you can see no note repeats until all the other 11 notes are played. The tone rows in a way function as scales in tonal music. The first time that he tried using all the notes in the chromatic scale was in Piano opus 9. In that piece we can still hear a little bit tonality though. It starts with a melody that outlines a b major triad but accompaniment makes causes the whole thing to sound ambiguous. Using tone rows is not the only rule in 12 tone music. There are other rules in this type of music as well. For example, the notes that are in top and bottom voices have to be shorter in duration. This is a very important rule because it helping keeping every notes importance the same. Otherwise the outer sound more important than the others because their placement. These rules aren’t rigid. In fact Schoenberg broke them often and he suggest you should break them as well if necessary. In The Unanswered Question 5 Leonard Bernstein says” There is no such a thing as atonal. Schoenberg used the same 12 notes that Bach used. He just destroyed the hierarchy. Schoenberg even denied the possibility of atonality. The 12 tones of the chromatic scale have a tonal relationship to each other. If true atonality is to be achieved some uniquely different basis for it is needed. Maybe a different division of the octave.” In the 12 tone system you can take one row and use some of it’s notes as melody and others as chords. Some of the phrases in 12-tone music spell out certain chords but because it is following the tone row principles it sounds ambiguous and atonal. We see this kind of harmonic implication happening with augmented triads in opus 23. Also Opus 30 starts with a repeated 4 bar phrases that
After the death of his mother his music career became even greater. After taking some time off due to his mother’s death, Ludwig moved to the city of Vienna in the year of 1790 to work on his music career. When Ludwig arrived in Vienna, he began studying with Joseph Haydn. “While being in Vienna and studying, Ludwig wasn’t a happy student of Haydn because Haydn never had the time to teacher Haydn (Green).” A few moves after arriving to Vienna, Ludwig had to return home to the city of Bonn because he learn that his father had passed away. After dealing with everything with his father’s death, Ludwig
During his years at the ACF, he became fascinated with the music of Debussy, Ravel, and Scriabin. At that time, Paris was the center of European music after World War I. He traveled to Italy, Germany, Austria, and other many European countries to discover and experience various aspects of European music (6). He attended to numerous concerts and plays during his years in Paris. He featured the works of European modern composers such as Stravinsky and Milhaud.
Only a few composers in the history of time have ever successfully left their mark throughout our musical world we live in today. It’s been over two hundred years since the birth of Beethoven and his music still speaks to us today as he originally expressed and composed it. Ludwig Van Beethoven was born in the city of Bonn Germany on December 16th 1770 and has since been one of the most influential composers known to man. A common theme of early age learning and mastering seems to emerge in Beethoven’s life because while living in a musical family as a child, his father taught him how to play the piano, violin and in addition how to compose musical pieces since he was four years of age. A few short years later, he gave his first public piano performance at the age of seven. While Beethoven certainly gained a lot of knowledge from his peers, he also supported his family by giving music lessons and also by playing in the court orchestra. In the year 1792, Beethoven worked under an Austrian composer Franz Joseph Haydn and by the year 1800, his compositions established him as a strong Mozart successor.
The central idea of the documentary is introduced at the start when it is stated that Wagner is cruel minded and egotistical but at the same time such a wonderful and influential musician from his time. From an early age, Wagner always thought he was the best but this wasn’t always the case. He was highly ambitious but his first wife (Minna Planer) seemed to be the opposite which led to the ultimate demise of their relationship with him remarrying to Cosima Bulow, as well as being rumored to have cheated with Mathilde Wesendonck. Regardless, his first big theater job landed him in Latvia where he ultimately fled to escape his piling debts even with the success of his first major work The Flying Dutchman. He then relocated to Paris where he
Beethoven is perhaps the most famous musician of all time. His influence on later composers was extremely huge, to the extent where many composers were intimidated by his music. Ludwig van Beethoven was born in 1770 into a family of musicians. His father and grandfather were both musicians at the court of Elector in the German town of Bonn. His grandfather was very respected, but his dad not so much given that he was an alcoholic. At a young age, Beethoven was put in charge of his family’s finances and started a job at the court. He composed music and helped look after the instrumentation. Around the same time, he began to write music. In 1790, an important visitor passed through Bonn: this was Franz Joseph Haydn. He was on his way to London for a visit when he stopped to meet Beethoven and agreed to take him on as a student when he came back from London to Vienna. In 1792, Beethoven moved to Vienna to study with Hayden. Apparently, it did not go as planned. Hayden was old fashion and a little overbearing, while Beethoven was rebellious and headstrong. Beethoven found support among the rich arts who lived in Vienna. Prince Lichnowsky gave him board and lodging at his place for in return, Beethoven would compose music and preform at evening parties.
Dmitri Shostakovich was born in 1906 and showed an aptitude for music at a young age. In 1919, he enrolled in the Petrograd Conservatory where his abilities mesmerized the head of the institution, Alexander Glazunov. Shostakovich was never politically naïve; he imitated his parent’s ideals who initially
Giacomo Puccini was the fifth child of Michele and Albina Puccini. He grew up surrounded by music and talented musicians. At the age of five, Puccini’s father passed away. Even though Puccini’s father and mother greatly wanted Puccini to follow in his late father’s footsteps, he was considered to be a very lazy and unfocused student as he did not show much interest in music. At the age of fourteen he began playing the organ for a choir and began composing music at the late age of seventeen. It wasn’t until he attended a performance of the piece Verdi’s Aïda that he began to consider pursuing a career in composition and began to take his studies seriously.
The Renaissance Period started in 1430 and ended in about 1600. It immediately followed the middle Ages. The Renaissance Period represents the rebirth from the fourteenth through the middle of the seventeenth centuries, this type of music was mainly in Italy. The Renaissance Period can be described as many different things, individualism, exploration and the rebirth of human creativity. This period started the movement for uniqueness and creativeness and difference. The composers of this time could be creative and write however they wanted and all the pieces of this period sounded different
Gustav Mahler was born in Kalisce, Bohemia on July 7th 1860 to Bernhard and Marie Mahler. He was born into a modest home as his family was not of royal descent. After the Jewish Emancipation allowing Jewish people of Europe the freedom to move, his family moved to the nearby town of Iglau, halfway between Vienna and Prague. Here he grew up amongst band concerts and parades, both of which he was deeply connected to. At the age of four, he got an accordion and his family noted how quickly he could learn to play familiar songs. He began learning the piano at the age of six and by the time he was ten years old, he gave his first public recital. Gustav’s parents noted this talent and sent him to audition for a place at the Vienna Conservatory in 1875. After being accepted, he spent three years learning theory and composition before he left.
Anton Bruckner was born on September 4 1824 in the village of Ansfelden, Austria to a family known for being craftsman and farmers. Bruckner was the first of 11 children. Bruckner’s father was the village schoolmaster in charge of teaching music and also was an organist. Bruckner’s first music professor was his father, but unfortunately his father died when Bruckner was just thirteen years old. He later worked as a teacher assistant and at night worked in village’s dances to supplement his income. An interesting fact about Bruckner according to Floros Constantin author of the book “Anton Bruckner: The Man and the Work” is during the time he was a teacher assistant, he was known as a prankster. This is an interesting fact because, in his later years he was a serious and focus man. Bruckner when to school to become an organist and attended the Augustinian Monastery in St Florian where he study and work for many years until his 40’s. Bruckner study the works of Haydn, Wagner and many other composers. This composer are the biggest influencer of his work. (Constantin 3-6)
Ludwig van Beethoven’s exact date of birth is uncertain but he was baptized on December 17, 1770. He was born in the city of Bonn, Germany. He was the predominant musical composer during the transition of the Classical and Romantic eras.
Arnold Franz Walter Schoenberg was born in Vienna on September 13th, 1874. Neither of his parents were particularly musical. The musicians were his brother, Heinrich Schoenberg, and his cousin, Hans Nachod. It was Nachod that would go on to premier the role of Waldemar in Schoenberg’s Gurre-Lieder in 1913. Schoenberg was a largely self-taught composer; before the age of nine, he had composed a number of pieces for two violins which he would play with his teacher. A short time later, he connected with a classmate who played viola
Beethoven was a composer and pianist. He was born in Bonn, Germany. He was born in a family of musicians at the royal court of Cologne. His parents named him after his grandfather. His father Johann, was incapable of having a positive influence on Beethoven's education. His mother was always described as a gentle, retired woman. In 1982, before he turned the age of 12, he published his first work. He got inspired to start playing because both of his father and grandfather were both singers and they taught him how to play piano when he was four. He played in the period romantic Ed in classical music. In his late 20s, he started to lose his hearing, and experiencing a loud ringing in his ear. Since he lost his hearing, he was devastated because
Ludwig Van Beethoven was one of the greatest musical composers of his time. Starting very young in his studies of music, he held many important positions they would develop him into the composer he became. Born in Bonn, Germany to a singer, he held his first position at the church. He later moved to Vienna where his composed several pieces, and even an opera. He created a new style of music, cyclic form.
The history of music would not be complete without the musical “fine art” that was created for the dominant minorities in Western Europe. Bergeron (1992) admits that it is quite a task to educate a two-term survey of Western Art music since students have no extra time for getting accustomed to the great musical masterpieces and their composers. It acquires the knowledge to distinguish which set of values will assist in selecting the pieces from the canon that are worth being carried from one generation to another. Many students and the academic sectors as whole tend to view the music of the 20th century regarding the canonical nature (Marcia, 2009). It is worth mentioning that the building of the musical canon of works is not tied to history. The article analyses the healthy aspects of the western canon concepts and practices about the musical materials. The case study majors in the construction of the canons and the readings from that of the current J. Kreidler and D. Helbich musical works. Marcia (1993) states that the emergence of gender could not be compared to a historical time nor can it be taken as a blueprint to be used for gathering data about a particular work or person. Gender as a factor has a great impact on the various categories of musicology, and its effect has continued to increase with time. Various researchers have begun conducting research on the influence of gender and their contribution to the growth of the musical practices. According to Suzanne