Who Is Durkheim Fetishize The Economy?

The division of labor is a complex phenomenon that is characterized by varying aspects of an individual’s social connection to the society in which they reside. The Division of labor is a broad process that affects and influences many aspects of life such as political, judicial, and administrative functions (Bratton & Denham, 2014). Two of the main sociological theorists, Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim, had different understandings of the notion about the division of labor. This topic has been contested and debated by many theorists but this paper is going to focus on how Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx views this topic. Karl Marx views the division of labor as a process that alienates the individual from their work (Llorente, 2006). Marx also views the division of labor as a way for the capitalist bourgeoisie to take advantage of the wage labor of the proletariat. Emile Durkheim identifies with Marx in the economic sense that the division of labor furthers the rationalization and bureaucratization of labor, but differs in that the division of labor provides individuals in society with social solidarity and ensures their connection to society. This paper is going to reflect on some of the aspects in which Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx view the division of labor, while showing some of the similarities and differences between the two theorists conception of the topic.

Durkheim lived at the same time as Weber, but they view on a division of labour and influence of that, differed significantly. Durkheim held a more optimistic view on the division of labour. The division of labour in his opinion is a sign of a developed society because there is a need to exchange results of the activity, perform complementary functions. He thought that division of labour brings diversity, and the more it is, the stronger the people's desire for unity and exchange. He argues that division of labour led from mechanical to organic solidarity. Durkheim believed that pre-industrial societies were based on mechanical solidarity when people feel solidarity because they are similar. When society develops and work

His views can be divided into three different theories; the form of solidarity, Anomie, and the division of labor. Durkheim explained that there are two different types of the social integration; which is mechanical and organic solidarity. He explained that the mechanical solidarity forms a group or community where people affiliate and feel the comfort by regulated by the shared rules and the systems of beliefs, which is we call common conscience. The mechanical solidarity has a strong social morality compare to organic solidarity. The organic solidarity is more like an opposite theory of mechanical solidarity. The organic solidarity is the society that is more focused on individual’s values, performance in different tasks, and form a society that has less social morality with less common conscience. Durkheim explained, as a society grows up, the division of labor increases and become powerful. The mechanical and organic solidarity must exist in our society to keep the balance between the inequality and equality. But at the same time, it also makes big distance between the high class and working class and it is causing working class to feel devastated because of the differences of advantages and disadvantages between the high class and working

Throughout the course of this semester, we have addressed a number of social theorists, from Marx to Veblen. A common denominator of these theorists is that they often leave the class in despair, having read and discussed theories that indicates that humanity is doomed to a fate of restricted happiness, fear, loss of liberty, the list goes on. Émile Durkheim is one of these influential figures. Durkheim is known as one of the principal contributors to modern sociology, his focus on the division of labor in society. His predecessors, such as Adam Smith, assigned a utilitarian value to the division of labor. In this light, the division of labor was meant to produce the fruits of civilization, to be a means of achieving happiness. Durkheim refuted this point on the grounds that an increased division of labor has not necessarily correlated with increased overall happiness of society. This is shown with increased suicides, indicating that society may not be experiencing the growing fruits that Smith predicted. Instead, Durkheim argues that an expanding population has naturally created a state where humans have become more differentiated. This then leads to the division of labor that becomes stronger as unified morals and common ways of thought dissipate. Essentially, throughout history, moral density has increased, and humans have specialized more and more. These are the conditions that led to a division of labor. Thus, the essence of the division of labor is

However, in modern societies the division of labour is so different as the relationship between people is based on the functions they can perform for each other and how each individual is beneficial to the other. Therefore, in Durkheim’s view modern society is kept together by mutual dependence between everyone in society, he refers to this as organic solidarity (Ritzer, 2013). Furthermore, Durkheim also found that collective consciousness is also found in modern industrial societies even though as argued by Ritzer (2011), collective consciousness in a weaker form

Emile durkheim was a prominent french sociologist of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. This was the time when the sociologist like Karl marx and Max webber were on its peak and At the same time Durklheim was credited with great prestige principle founders of sociolgy. His philosophy has worked like fusion in society which was related from an individual to whole society.he claimed that socity is a “Sui Generis” Reality or a reality unique which is called ruductinist method. Durkheim highly criticised the reductionist methoeds of social beheiviour. According to him the social phenomena are “social facts “ and these are the subject of matter of sociology. But any reality of society can only undertood through sociological terms but it never be an explanation on the biological and Psychosocial level. Durkheim stressed at the point that human society should be understood through social facts and this can be achieve through studyibg scitficaly the human society. For showing his argument right , he developed a new methodlogy defined as “social facts” which based on elements of collective life which is able to make an influence on the individual. The meaning of social facts is much about moral rules , which are the collection of some effective rules and guides to control the humans immorality but internalized in the conciouness of individuals but its very unique character is that indepndecy of individuals. In this way, the main difficulty is not to

Emile Durkheim believed in sociology, the social facts, and aspects in social life that make people. Durkheim would

Durkheim suggests that the popular assumptions of the time concerning the imminent collapse of social life in response to the ever increasing division of labour and general urbanization of life were not just exaggerated but actually wrong. Durkheim retorted that rather than being dismantled, solidarity was simply being reconstructed in a different form. Durkheim argued that modern industrial society actively freed people from isolation by mutual dependence through the increasing division of labour.

(Fox,2012) he stated that Emile Durkheim believed that society is made up of social facts which are aspects of social life that shape our actions and they regulate human social action and act as constraints over individual behavior and action. Social facts are objective entities and Durkheim emphasized, but they also contain a significant subjective element which, combining within the individual’s consciousness, forms representations of the social world. Society and social facts are invisible, intangible separate power over us; society is greater than any individual. Durkheim also believes that society has a reality of its own, it is a structure that is external to us and we are often not aware that social facts shape our actions. There is more to society than simply the action and interest of its individual members. He saw social solidarity and he further stated that our strong moral connection with each other stops society descending into chaos as threatened by social change.

In societies in which there is minimal division of labour, a collective consciousness develops with emphasis on group solidarity, implying that all individuals perform the same tasks. Since everyone is engaged in similar work, each person prepares food, hunts, makes clothing, and builds homes

To begin, German sociologist Karl Marx viewed the material world as the driving force of humanity and society. He did not consider religion to be as important and he believed that the fundamental characteristics of class-based societies were centered on the society’s modes of production, their means of production, and the social relations of production. Marx was critical of capitalism because of the class-based society it created and set forth his views of dialectical materialism in order to shift and change the modes of production. Under capitalism,

There are several functions to the development of a society that occurs over a certain process process socialization that must develop over time. According to Durkheim, one of the factors that contribute to advancing in a specialized society leans heavily on the division of labor that make up a society. Typically with larger and more advanced societies, these types of groups are more likely to become more specialized in their different tasks that each individual provides. As each individual in this sense, is working together for the collective population that allows society to function more fluidly in an efficient manner that manner. He goes on to say that in order for society to function, all specializations within that society should work in

Sociologist Émile Durkheim was born on April 15, 1858 in Épinal, France. He was named principal architect of modern social science and father of sociology. He once followed a Jewish tradition, but later broke away and started to produced many secular works. His first big sociological work was "The Division of Labor in Society." This is how modern society is held together by a division of labor that makes individuals dependent upon one another. It also spoke on social and moral order within a society. In another work of his, 'Rules of Sociological Method' he spoke on the need for scientific approach in the study of sociology. This was a very big thought in this day of age. He set up the first European department of sociology, and became

Solidarity is the social bond or togetherness based upon how individuals rely on each other in the more advanced societies. According to Durkheim, the different types of social solidarity have a mutual relationship or connection with the types of societies. Durkheim came up with the terms ‘organic” and “mechanical” solidarity as part of his theory while he was doing a premier study of social change, The Division of Labor in Societies (Stewart & Zaaiman 2014:88). Emile Durkheim is a well-known theorist whose work is long lasting for sociological theorizing. Durkheim, in his Division of Labour in Society (1893), asked: “How does it come about that the individual, whilst becoming more autonomous, depends ever more closely upon society?”

First, we will talk about the division of labor, Durkheim “argued that that economic specialization was not necessarily bad for either the individual or the society as a whole” (pg. 110 ) because an extensive division of labor could exist and not harm the moral cohesion of a society or the individual. The Division of labor is a continuous element in the process of social development; it grows depending on the population of the society. The division of labor is a break up of jobs between different classes in a society, some of these jobs are specialized jobs that people occupy based on their abilities and training, hence, the division of labor continues to evolve and help