Who Is Justin Terry-Smith: Uninsured?

HIV has affected people all across the world. HIV comes with physical and mental symptoms. The body symptoms include skin flaking off, being dry, skin peeling off (Saliba 23) , fingernails falling off (32), and weight loss (14). Mentally it is hard to sleep, people become weak, and are tired all the time (23). People all across the world are infected with this disease, and the problem with this is the fact that most do not even know they have it. The most people who are infected each year are African Americans, gays, or bisexuals. 10,315 African Americans were infected in 2015. The U.S.A. has estimated about 1.1 million are infected with the disease. Equally to about 12,333 deaths happened in 2014 from AIDS related diseases, and 6,721 deaths from AIDS directly. Although there are a large amount of people getting infected, on the other hand eighteen percent of the population with HIV is declining since 2008-2014 (“U.S. Statistics”). In the world about 33.2 million people worldwide have HIV, with 22.5 million people in sub Saharan Africa are living with this condition, one out of nine people who live in South America have HIV or AIDS (Saliba 8).

In December 2012, Dr. Green met with the board of directors to begin preparing FAC’s

According to Pros and Cons of ObamaCare, “ ObamaCare (the Affordable Care Act) contains many benefits, especially for low and middle income families and businesses. ObamaCare also contains some obstacles for high earners, larger firms that don’t insure their employees, and certain sectors of the healthcare industry”(2015). The Affordable Care Act (ACA) provides insurance for million, it has also made the preventative care for patients free. Now it allows people to be treated before they need the expensive emergency room services. Also, one of the major benefits of having health insurance under this act is that insurance companies can no longer deny anyone coverage for preexisting conditions. Many insurance companies deny insurance to patients with HIV/AIDS. Shi & Singh confirm this in chapter 8, “ Many HIV/AIDS patients are expected to gain health insurance under the ACA”(2015). There has been a lot of debate on whether The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is worth our money. Over time may studies have been made to check the benefits of this program as well, Schoen, Doty and Robertson state that,” To provide a baseline and assess the potential of changes brought about under the Affordable Care Act, this study estimates the number of US adults who were underinsured or uninsured in 2010. Using indicators of medical cost exposure

The purpose of this dissertation isto assess the impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) care continuum. This dissertationwill focuson addressing the gap in current research by improving understanding of the impacts of the ACA on care for individuals living with HIV. It is estimated that over 1 million Americans live with HIV (Kates, 2012). Though the number of HIV infections has stabilized at around 50,000 annually, there are reports of new strains of HIV arising among homosexuals (Kates, 2012). People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are less likely to be insured due to low socio-economic status (SES), therefore, rely on Medicaid for insurance coverage. Statistics indicate that only 25% of PLWHA are virally

According to recent statistics from the Centers for Disease Control, approximately 1.2 million individuals in the United States have HIV (about 14 percent of which are unaware of their infection and another 1.1 million have progressed to AIDS. Over the past decade, the number of HIV cases in the US has increased, however, the annual number of cases remains stable at about 50, 000 new cases per year. Within these estimates, certain groups tend to carry the burden of these disease, particularly the gay, bisexual, and men who have sex with men (MSM) and among race/ethnic groups, Blacks/African American males remain disproportionately affected. (CDC)

Leibowitz, A. A., & Desmond, K. (2015). Identifying a Sample of HIV-Positive Beneficiaries From Medicaid Claims Data and Estimating Their Treatment Costs. American Journal Of Public Health, 105(3), 567-574. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302263

Also, AIDS is known for having a “…gradual decline in… physical, cognitive, and emotional function and well-being.” (Shi, 2019, p. 476) but when the disease progresses many people become disable and starts depending on Medicare and Medicaid, and the Affordable Care Act covered an approximately 70,000 uninsured people with the

In 2000, “the CDC reports that 774,467 Americans are estimated to have AIDS, with the estimated annual rate of HIV infections in the U.S. remaining roughly constant at 40,000 since the early 1990s” (Riccussi, 2002). With this statistic, the department of public help set Dr. Gayle as president of the U.S Centers for disease control and prevention to try and find something that would lower these numbers. However, at the beginning of this program, economics become a main issue. “From 1985 to 1992, the nation also experienced a resurgence of TB. One of the reasons was the

For many people, summertime means blissfully quiet hours boating on the lake or exciting afternoons jumping sanding dunes or racing through the forests on their ATVs. While these activities are undeniably fun, they also carry more than their fair share of risk, which is Boerne residents have come to rely on Michael E Glick Insurance to make sure they have all the protection they need. These insurance experts will cut through all of the misconceptions to make sure you're fully covered before something unfortunate happens.

The cost-effectiveness model of HIV PrEP for gay men shows that providing PrEP from 2016 will be cost-effective under two key conditions: if they continue to test HIV frequently and if they do not substantially reduce their existing rates of condom use. (Cambiano, 2015) In other words, those who do not consistently use condoms and who skip doses of PrEP are significantly less protected against HIV. The cost-effectiveness model of HIV PrEP shows that PrEP would cost £9466 for each additional healthy life year gained (QALY) compared with not introducing PrEP. This is below the UK threshold for cost-effectiveness. As a guideline rule, NICE uses a cost-effectiveness threshold range between £20,000 and £30,000 per QALY. (NICE, 2008; Bognar & Hirose, 2014) Hence, the cost of PrEP is below this ratio. Besides, PrEP is not to be used forever, but only for periods when at greatest risk. So one person at risk taking Truvada for a year gains half a QALY per year and 1 QALY every two years, every thing else constant. The cost of Truvada is £4331 per person per year, while the cost of HIV treatment in the UK is £6488, and other healthcare costs included, the cost of a year’s HIV treatment is around £11,000 and PrEP around £5,000. So the annual cost of HIV treatment

Unfortunately there are economic consequences of being and AIDS patient because it can be quite expensive. A person can spend anywhere between $70,000 to $141,000 in medical costs where a leukemia patient only incurs about $29,000 or a digestive track cancer patient about $47,000. AIDS patients either received care from Medicaid who spent about $750 million annual or private insurers who spent about $250 million all on AIDS related medical payments.

HIV and AIDS have affected millions of people throughout the world. Since 1981, there have been 25 million deaths due to AIDS involving men, women, and children. Presently there are 40 million people living with HIV and AIDS around the world and two million die each year from AIDS related illnesses. The Center for Disease Control estimates that one-third of the one million Americans living with HIV are not aware that they have it. The earliest known case of HIV was in 1959. It was discovered in a blood sample from a man in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Looking further into the genetics of this blood sample researchers suggested that it had originated from a virus going back to the late 1940’s or early 1950’s. In 1999,

In 1986 companies started to research the cost of AIDS and how to fight AIDS. The number of cases rose from 5,992 in 1984 to around one million by 1990. Treatment was very expensive, as the lifetime costs of the average person was between $70,000 to $141,000. As a cure was needed, companies starting pouring research & development into HIV and AIDS-related cases around 1987. Retrovir was one drug, while another company, Bristol Myers, released DDI, which was less toxic to users than Retrovir. Other companies were running clinical trials, and it was determined that one company would have a prescription drug on the market by 1991.

Although ninety-five percent of people living with HIV/AIDS are in developing countries, the impact of this epidemic is global. In South Africa, where one in four adults are living with the disease, HIV/AIDS means almost certain death for those infected. In developed countries however, the introduction of antiretroviral drugs has meant HIV/AIDS is treated as a chronic condition rather than a killer disease. In developing countries like South Africa, the drugs that allow people to live with the disease elsewhere in the world, are simply too expensive for individuals and governments to afford at market price.

The most recent UNAIDS/WHO estimates show that, in 1999 alone, 5.4 million people were newly infected with HIV [9].