Who Is Stresemann?

stating that he was doing what was right for Germany, and that the Weimar were the ones that

Munich Conference-1938 - Hitler wanted to annex the Sudetenland, a portion of Czechoslovakia whose inhabitants were mostly German-speaking. On Sept. 29, Germany, Italy, France, and Great Britain signed the Munich Pact, which gave Germany the Sudetenland. British Prime Minister Chamberlain justified the pact with the belief that appeasing Germany would prevent war.

There were some key dates that are important to the Final Plan. On June 22, 1941, the Special Duty Unit was Created. This unit was assigned to kill Jews during the invasion of the Soviet Union. These squads followed the German army into Soviet territory, and they carried out mass murder. December 8th, 1941 The Chelmno Killing Center was built, the Nazis at this time established five other camps. These camps were Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Auschwitz-Birkenau, and Majdanek. The Wannsee Conference was where the SS met and talked to other German government agencies, they discussed the Final

France and Britain made Germany sign The Versailles Peace Treaty but once Hitler became the leader of Germany, he wanted to change everything in Germany and make it powerful like it was once before. The League of Nations came into being after the end of World War One. The League of Nation’s task was simple to ensure that war never broke out again but eventually the League of Nations failed. As the League of Nations crumbled, politicians turned to a new way to keep the peace appeasement. This was the policy of giving Hitler what he wanted to stop him from going to war. It was based on the idea that what Hitler wanted was reasonable and, when his reasonable demands had been satisfied, he would stop. There were many reasons why Chamberlin appeased Hitler. A few of them

On June, 28 1919, the Treaty of Versailles was signed. This treaty coupled with other factors, such as the Nazis rise to power in Germany, Europe’s policy of appeasement, and Germany’s invasion of Poland would lead to - and be direct causes of - World War II. In fact, when French military commander Marshal Foch heard of the signing of the Treaty of Versailles, her observed with extreme accuracy - “This is not Peace. It is an Armistice for 20 years.” (Churchill, 7)

However, Taylor does not consider the September Programme outlining Germanys aim to create a ‘Mitteleuropa.’ Chancellor Bethmann’s programme - created when peace talks were thought to be imminent on the 9th of September 1914, is an important indication of what the German war aims were.10 One of the key German aims was to create a system known as ‘Mitteleuropa’ which involved a unification of central European lands under German control.11 The main aspects of this plan were to make Belgium and Luxemburg vassal states of Germany, have German control over the Russian Baltic areas as well as Poland and possibly some parts of France thus creating a central German controlled union of states.12 Germany also wanted to create a central European economic association through common customs treaties among Europe’s prominent countries such as France, Holland and Denmark. This association would be under German control and would help steady Germany’s economic dominance over Mitteleuropa.13 Taylor does not mention anything about the September Programme or Mitteleuropa, making his argument less convincing.

Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and the United States met in Paris after World War I to discuss the details for peace. The conditions for peace sought out Germany being severely penalized under the terms and increased international tensions. Germany was blamed for all the reparations and was heavily dependent for bringing money in. The money being paid by Germany

It proved its desire to lead via the mediation between Germany and France led by appointed commission leaders Charles G. Dawes and Owen P. Young. In complete contrast to an isolationist policy, the United States specifically intervened in order to negotiate what was perceived to be fair process by which Germany would pay its reparations, via the Dawes Plan5. Secretary of State under President William Harding, Charles Evans Hughes, states, “We are deeply interested from an economic standpoint, as our credits and markets are involved” as he asks for assistance from those like Dawes and Young, important names in United States banking6. While, to be sure, there was strict avoidance of formal alliance or “entanglement,” United States officials explicitly stated interest, and policy reflected

War and signed the “Treaty of Brest-Litovsk” with Germany on the date March 3, 1918. The

When Stresemann came into power in 1923 as Chancellor, Germany was still being affected by the Treaty of Versailles. She still had to pay £6.6 billion in reparations to the allies of the First World War, her military was cut to just 100,000 men, no tanks, air force or submarines and no army in the Rhineland. Additionally, Article 231 (also known as the War Guilt Clause) left the German people angered at the allies and the Treaty of Versailles as they thought that it was unjust. When Stresemann became Chancellor, he had a lot of issues to deal with.

Friedrich Ebert took over the Weimar Republic as its first leader, who received resistance from the Freikorps and the Spartacists. While he did, for the most part, defeat the communist threat from the spartacists and the threat from the Freikorps, many were infuriated when on November of 1918 he agreed to sign the treaty of Versailles, dooming all the public to pay the backlash of the armistice and causing them to loathe Ebert and the Weimar republic. Gustav Stresemann, in August of 1923, had taken over the Weimar republic. Many praised Stresemann seeing that he turned the economic problem around and he was competent enough to renegotiate reparations payments. Under his leadership times were prosperous, considering the economy and political stance were both stable, culture was free-spirited, and foreign policy was a great exultation for Stresemann because he was able to reverse some of the terms of the treaty of Versailles and remove British, French, and Belgian troops from the Rhineland. Nevertheless, the government under Stresemann had its downside such as the fact that his policies didn’t seem to cater to the middle class and peasant farmers of the time, many Germans did not like the moral decline that came with the break loose style of the culture, and the fact that Stresemann joined the league of nation infuriated most Germans as it inclined them to infer that he accepted the treaty of

In reaction Great Britain, France and Italy formed the “Stresa Front” and threatened Germany to use the interventions which were provided by the Treaty of Locarno in order to bind Germany to its obligations. But Mussolini’s expansionist tendencies in Abyssinia and the British policy to control Hitler by concessions led to

He attended the Berlin War Academy (1858-61) and was a staff officer during the Austro-Prussian War (1866). In 1891 Schlieffen replaced Helmuth von Moltke as Chief of General Staff. Schlieffen feared that France and Russia would join together to attack Germany. His main concern was to devise a plan that could deal with a war against Russia in the east and France in the west. Four years after being given this position he devised what became known as the Schlieffen Plan. This strategy involved a German invasion of Belgium and a right-wheel flanking movement through Holland and then southwards, cutting off Paris from the sea. Schlieffen retired as Chief of General Staff of the German Army in 1906.

“To what extent was the Dawes Plan a turning point for Germany, 1919-1933?” Explain your answer.

The Ruhr occupation by France in 1923 was a product of a series of events, whose beginnings could be found in the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. France, because of its need to secure its borders with its former Great War foe, Germany, and in fear of that the reparations, as they had been dictated by Versailles treaty, would not be paid, invaded the area of Ruhr on January 11, 1923, along with Belgium. The passive resistance shown by the Germans, alongside with the unfavourable to the occupation Great Britain’s and USA’s attitude, led to the Dawes’ Plan in 1924 and its implementation. Dawes’ Plan was confirmed by the London Conference during July and August in 1924, and led to the evacuation of Ruhr by France and Belgium in 1924.