Who Is Von Ohain?

1. In 1930, who first patented a design for a reaction (jet) type motor suitable for aircraft propulsion?

General Lauris Norstad of NATO said the Arrow team were “just about the best team anywhere”. When building the Iroquois engines the engineers skipped an entire generation of jet engine development. When the Arrow program was terminated, 14 528 employees of Avro Canada lost their jobs (Shutting Down the National Dream, Steward, ix - 1). With already uncertain economic conditions, the cancellation of the Arrow caused a tremendous unemployment problem. The company itself on that day was the third largest company in Canada. The employees, out of work had no idea what to do. Half an hour after Diefenbaker had canceled the Arrow program, the executives were sitting around a bar together getting drunk at 10 in the morning (Shutting Down the National Dream, Steward, 263). Joe Morley, the Sales and Service Manager had many employees ask him what they should do now. He told them “Sorry, we’re all on our own now. I’ll write letters of reference and help in any way I can” (Shutting Down the National Dream, Steward, 267). One engineer by the name of Lindley came up to Morley and asked “What about the six aircraft? What about the one with the Iroquois in it - can we fly it?” To which he responded “We can’t fly it. We can’t do anything” (Shutting Down the National Dream, Steward, 265). Even a RCAF test pilot showed up a little while later and asked the team if he could

The Arrow was Canada’s most advanced technological innovation at the time. The aircraft was not only one of Canada’s best aeronautical inventions, but it was also one of the best all around the world. The Arrow’s glory was short lived but not useless, it became Canada’s pride and excellence (Campagna, 2016). The Arrow was such a huge step into aerospace aviation that many people wondered the possibility of Canada’s future developments. Rob Cohen, the CEO of Canadian Air and Space Museum said, “If the company left it alone and develop the arrow process, Canada would have a man on the moon.” This shows that the technology that the Canadians possessed was so advanced that with the right minds Canada would have made a full functioning rocket well before anyone else (Hobson, 2016). The Arrow was also “considered to be a serious contender for the top military aircraft for the next several years” according to many magazines at the time (Aviation week, 2016). Many engineers from Canada and the rest of the world knew that the Arrow was the cutting edge of aviation technology that existed at the time. It was the very lifeline of Canada’s military aviation industry. It was a promising piece of technology that put Canada on the aeronautical map. The Arrow offered enormous advantages in capability in comparison to the other planes of the world. The Arrow, if given the time and money,

Edward Vernon Rickenbacker, more commonly known as “Eddie”, was the third of eight children, born to William and Elizabeth Rickenbacker in Columbus, Ohio on October 8, 1890. Just as most adolescent boys, he went through a defiant stage. As a child, he was quite the delinquent, for he began smoking at the age of 5 and often spent time with a group of ornery kids called the “Horsehead Gang.” He was quickly whipped into shape by his father, however, who tragically died at a construction site in 1904. Due to the absence of his father and the toll it took on his family, Rickenbacker quit school at age 12 and brought it upon himself to assume the position as the provider for his family. His longing for aviation did not start at this time, but during World War I. Even so, he made his impact on history during the 20th century through his many successes in aerial warfare.

The 1920s was a decade of prosperity and prelude to the diverse introduction of new technologies. At the same time the automobile became popular, aircraft began to develop. Although during the World War II, aircraft is widely used to attack into enemy lines, prior to this, aircraft was used to deliver mail and compete for the distance it could fly without making any stop. One such aviator, Charles A. Lindbergh challenged to the first solo transatlantic flight and in a moment, he became one of the America’s most beloved hero.

The first flight occurred in 1903 when the Wright brothers famously took their airplane for a final test flight in December. In the years after this historic flight many people start to see the potential for airplanes in war, transportation, and shipping. Other builders disregarded previous doubt about flying and began to replicate the ideas of the Wright brothers in creating planes with three axes. In addition, the approach of WWI prompted military personnel to pursue uses of airplanes as a war machine. The airplane influenced many aspects of American culture after it’s invention including civilian life, war technology, and individual possibility.

The First World War was monumental in history because of all the new technology that was introduced. One particular area that developed during the Great War was the use of airplanes by the German and Allied militaries. In comparison, they both had different mentalities towards an invention that was only made successful less than a decade before the outbreak of war in 1914 by the Wright Brothers in North Carolina, United States. The German Military welcomed the idea with open arms, investing in its potential for military uses, whereas the Allies remained reserved and hesitant, claiming that aircraft could not be used for anything more offensive than reconnaissance missions. These differences in opinions later affected the development of each air force. The German military kept making monthly improvements to their equipment whereas the allied pilots were slow in their respective air forces evolution. However, there was a common progression that both militaries had which was the slow phasing out of the cavalry on either side due to the effectiveness of the aircrafts reconnaissance capabilities. During the World War One, the German military took advantage of the new technology available to them, which gave significant results, whereas the Allies had a more traditional mindset for the beginning of the conflict.

“Change is hard at first, messy in the middle and gorgeous at the end,” said Robin Sharman. Advancements and progress that came from innovational minds took time and there were many obstacles and hardships. During the 1900s the world gave birth of the bright minds of the Wright Brothers that gave the world’s first successful airplane, also the modifications of the corset gave way to new fashion styles and trends and finally the tragic Galveston Hurricane paved the pathway of new mechanics and progressive ideas. Before, the thought of people being in the air and flying seemed impossible and dangerous, but the 1900s was a decade of advancement and many innovative minds such as Orville and Wilbur Wright, tried to build a “flying machine”. Unlike

“By the time he was twenty, while still a student at the University of Berlin, Von Braun was recruited by the army and charged with building a rocket that was superior to the largest guns” (Cadbury 9). Von Braun had already began designing his first rocket called the A-1. It was ready to test in 1933- the same year Hitler came to power.

The brothers Wilbur and Orville Wright, possibly the two most renowned representatives of American aeronautics, were the first to experience controlled, continuous flight of a powered airplane in history. Despite being autodidactic in the area of engineering, the duo proved to be extraordinarily successful, testing and refining their strategies to overcome successive challenges that arose with the building of a plane (Crouch 226). The two were so far ahead in the race for flight that they even anticipated and found solutions to problems that more learned scientists could not have even begun to predict. Successful, man-controlled, powered flight was a fundamental turning point in history; it transformed the methods of how the United States

“By the time he was twenty, while still a student at the University of Berlin, Von Braun was recruited by the army and charged with building a rocket that was superior to the largest guns” (Cadbury 9). Von Braun had already began designing his first rocket called the A-1. It was ready to test in 1933- the same year Hitler came to power.

Initially, Von Braun designed military rockets for the Nazi’s, the most infamous of which was the V-2 rocket. While there is some uncertainty as to whether or not he believed in Nazi ideology, he worked

It has always been the dream of mankind wanting to join the birds in the sky, many innovators created various contraptions to achieve flight. On December 17, 1903, two brothers by the name of Wilbur and Orville Wright decided to test their contraption and it was successful. This event changed the course of aviation as the contraption known as Flyer 1 became the first successful powered heavier-than-air flight.

German jets had many unique designs during World War II. These designs have fascinated many airplane designers since the end of the war. My purpose is not meant to praise the World War II Nazi Air Force, but to show how Germany developed these airplanes and how they used them. It was fortunate for the Allied powers of World War II and the world that the U.SA.F. Defeated the axis powers. If the allies had delayed entering the war a few more months, this would have allowed the Germans enough time to produce large amounts of these jet airplanes, and the outcome would certainly have been different or too close for comfort. German technology advances in modern warfare were more of a danger to the world that many would like to admit. We are very fortunate that Adolf Hitler made the mistakes he made in the design and production of these advanced airplanes. Adolf Hitler was responsible for making decisions that either slowed or stopped many of these jet projects. The airplanes Germany had before anyone else were faster than anything flying at the time. So why didn’t Germany and the Axis powers win the war if this was true? The answer is that Allied powers produced more of the B-24’s the B-17’s and also P-51 Mustangs by the tens of thousands. The Allies also dropped thousands of tons of bombs on German airplane factories, until they destroyed all of the Nazi manufacturing plants and destroyed the entire German air force, along

Rolls-Royce Limited is a renowned British car manufacturing company and later, aero-engine manufacturing company founded by Charles Stewart Rolls and Sir Frederick Henry Royce on 15 March 1906 as the result of a partnership formed in 1904. In 1906 they launched the six-cylinder Silver Ghost that, within a year, was hailed as the best car in the world. Once again like the other companies I have covered Rolls Royce also created an outstanding product, which launched them on to the engineering scene, this was again a vital stage of the companies success. It would have brought them income that could then be reinvested in future developments, which allowed the company to grow and develop. At the start of the First World War the demand from the nation for military planes was increasing, this encouraged Royce to design his first aero engine, it was called the Eagle and it provided for almost half of the total engines in the skies at this point in time. The eagle also was the power behind the first direct transatlantic flight as well as the first flight from England to Australia. The late 1920s saw Rolls Royce develop the 'R' engine to power Britain's entry in the International Schneider Trophy seaplane contest. It established a new world air speed record of over 400mph in 1931. More importantly, these records gave Royce the funds and technological base to develop the Merlin, which he had begun to work on before his death in 1933. The Merlin powered two of the most influential