Who Lost Tunisia?

The dilemma facing state leaders for the past decades has been whether to respond to terrorism through a criminal justice approach or a more involved military approach. The criminal justice approach treats terrorism as a law-and-order problem in which the main burden is placed on the judiciary and police. In contrast, the military approach treats terrorism as a perilous threat to the national security of the state, which can only be countered with military force and wartime procedures. The argument of this paper is that military procedures are not warranted in dealing with terrorism because the terror threat is not lethal or influential enough to threaten our democracy, and even if it was, military action has proven itself to be so fraught with problems and costly risks in past interventions that continued use of such a tactic would not only harm our national security, but also could precipitate the fall of the American Empire. Instead, law-enforcement has proven itself to be an efficient counter-terrorism tool that results in the capturing of terrorists, acquisition of intelligence, and spurring of cooperation with allied countries.

This article by Isabelle Duyvesteyn starts off by summarising the objectives that challenge the perspective of terrorism since the last decade of the twentieth century is fundamentally new. In this article certain questions have been debated regarding new aspects of terrorism and they are: “transnational nature of the perpetrators and their organizations, their religious inspiration, fanaticism, use of weapons of mass destruction and their indiscriminate targeting.” ("How New Is the New Terrorism?", 2017)In order to understand the depth of aspects of new terrorism the article talks about “national and territorial focus of the new terrorists, their political motivations, use of conventional weaponry and the symbolic targeting that is aimed in order to achieve a surprising effect.” ("How New Is the New Terrorism?", 2017)

This view has definite strengths; foremost, its answer to the problem this present world faces with Radical Islamic Terrorism, whose goal is to create a one-world Islamic Kingdom under Sharia Law. As ISIS spreads its campaign of terror and torture on the level of biblical proportions across the Middle East, events appear to parallel prophecies in The Bible, i.e. the beheading of the saints.

This paper is aimed at outlining the events of the Terrorist attack against America, the results and actions taken by the United States Government in retaliation to the attacks. There is no way to legitimize terrorism, although deeply rooted in religion; there can never be a valid excuse to victimize innocent people. Terrorism is never easily defined and many individuals have an obscure idea of what it really is. Terrorism is a premeditated act of violence, geared at bringing about political change by intimidation; it is disruptive in nature and is intended to have an impact outside of its intended targets. Acts of terrorism are responsible for thousands of deaths, increased security measures and negative impacts to the budgets of many countries including America.

September 11 of 2011, reveals to United States and the world the new scale of massive destruction and violence inflicted by state sponsored terrorism groups whose distorted religious beliefs achieved nothing to resolve their political and social problems but take out of the shadows serious issues regarding our public safety and become a latent threat awaiting any opportunity to commit one more atrocity against any large vulnerable civil target (Clarke and Newman, 2007, p. 199). Nevertheless, even when it’s clear that terrorist groups are quite distant from deterrence in the United States, and the rest of the world shouldn’t let themselves be intimidated or be submitted by any stance to its demands. However, a prompt infrastructure reconstruction

With the emergence of the 21st century the necessity for a broader understanding of security have said present. The world has experienced a variety of new security challenges that have put at stake human safety and have made policymakers all around the world rethink their approach and strategies when it comes to the decision making process. The rise of terrorist organizations in the international arena as well as the development of extremist groups has offered extreme significance to the quest for power and the search for peace, while requiring us to look back and examine our achievements and failures in the analysis of terrorism, extremist groups and our counterterrorism efforts since 9/11. It is essential for all Americans to understand

It is nearly impossible to go an entire day in the United States without hearing of some act of terrorism. Whether it be a shooting in a public place or threats against a group of people, this violent form of conflict is prevalent in every American’s life. These ruthless acts of cold-blooded murder demonstrate evil in its purest form, and leave death and mourning in their wake. The article “Homegrown Terrorism: Is There an Islamic Wave?” gives an overview of the rise of domestic terrorism since the tragedy of 9/11. Though it was written in 2011, the core message is the same today: terrorism in the United States still continues to grow at a sickening pace, with each new attack seeming more barbaric than the last.

Additionally, John Mueller lambasts what he labels as the socially constructed ‘terrorist industry,’ which he attacks for artificially inflating concerns over terrorist attacks. Instead, Mueller confirms that the damage caused by terrorism is not materially significant but stems primarily from the fear that it creates. Violent retaliation is viewed as a form of ‘self-flagellation’ that provides the terrorists with exactly what they want. As mentioned, realist definitions of power, self-interest and rationality lack explanatory prowess when non-state actors are able to subvert states thanks largely in part to the use of suicide-terrorism. The proliferation of terrorist groups and their use of suicide-tactics in many ways defies realist expectations and conclusions.

Annotated bibliography Bellamy, Alex J., Security and the war on terror, 1975-, 2007 This author is a university lecturer in the University of Queensland. He is a professor of peace and conflict studies and seems like he has a very broad amount of knowledge in the area of different wars including war on terror. His book security and the war on terror are pushed towards readers who care about the security of their country and the war on terror. ‘This edited book recognises a fundamental issue: while major crises initially tend to reinforce old thinking and behavioural patterns, they also allow societies to challenge and overcome entrenched habits, thereby creating the foundations for a new and perhaps more peaceful future’ .

Ivana Kottasova,a european finance reporter, exposes how the detrimental terrorist attacks fatally affect the French economy in her recent article from CNN Terror attacks cost Air France $54 million in lost revenue (December 8 2015, London, England);therefore, Kottasova asserts that the loss in revenue derives from the anxiety remaining in tourists after the deadly attacks in Paris. At first, Kottasova focuses solely in the decline of Air France’s revenue; then, Kottasova shifts the focus from Air France to the focus on the fatalistic forecast of the declining french economy; finally, Kottasova establishes the effects from the deteriorating economy through suffering businesses in Paris. Kottasova’s purpose is to portray the dwindling revenue

global stability from the Cold War to the war on terror and cannot bear the loss of Western Sahara.” Zunes highlighted Moroccan’s ability to market its alleged threats from socialism to political Islam to appeal to the US and French foreign policy and consolidate support.

A revolutionary wave of demonstrations and protests (both violent and non-violent), riots, and civil wars in the Arab World that began on 18 December 2010, later gained the heading “The Arab spring”. The Arab spring began by a twenty six year old boy named Mohammed Bouazizi was getting ready to sell fruits and vegetables in a rural town of Sidi Bouzid Tunisia. Bouazizi was the primary supporter for his widowed mother and six of his siblings. The entire incident originated when the police officer asked bouazizi to hand over his wooden cart, he refused the police women allegedly slapped him after being publicly humiliated bouazizi marched in front of a government building and set himself on fire. The Jasmine revolution in Tunisia, the shock wave swept across the country which threatened the stability of this oil-rich region with repercussion felt internationally. After the world witnessed what happened in Tunisia, it caused a spilled over into most of the Arab countries. Such as Egypt, Libya Syria and Yemen. Aim of this paper is to show that the current situation corollary of decades of failed policies, exacerbated by an unsolicited foreign intervention. The extensive consequences, I will argue, require cautious attention and careful management from international communities as well as the Arab human rights committee. This paper seeks to explore the profound causes that prompted the so called “Arab awakening” and the covert hidden agenda behind the sudden pro democratic

The history of terrorism can be traced back as far as the French revolution. Some of these acts of terrorism only seem as distant reminders of our past, but at the same time, are not a far cry from today’s brutal acts; and although these acts seem distant, it doesn’t also mean they are no longer in the thoughts of individuals in today’s time.

The United States under the administration of Obama showed increasing support to Tunisia in terms funds to counter terrorism. These funds have been steadily increasing especially after 2014, the start of the political stability Tunisia underwent. The funds Tunisia received from the States for peace and security passed from 32.02 Million dollars in 2014 to 77.09 Million in 2016 dollars that’s an increase of 241%, reported foreignassistance.gov. This financial help dedicated to enhancing security helped the Tunisian army to obtain new, more advanced arterially enabling it to better deal with terrorism. In fact, terrorism is a new scourge to the Tunisian society and the army that’s why the country faced some terrorist attacks due to the lack of experience the soldiers used to have to counter-terrorism and the limited number of weapons they used to possess. The president Beji Caid Essebsi said in an interview after the incident in Bardo, “Le terrorism n’a pas de tradition en Tunisie” (Essebsi). However, after the help of the United States and other European countries such as Germany, Tunisia was able to secure its soil and to lessen the threat of terrorism that affected its economy and especially its tourism.

Acts of terrorism has greatly affected multiple countries, including the United States. The horrific events that took place on 9/11 left the American people shocked, devastated, and furious. Many innocent American’s lost their lives on this infamous day. While airports and airlines are not free from security breaches, a set of new security measures and requirements have been implemented by the International Air Transport Association and the International Civil Aviation Organization (Beirman, 2011). Increased security at airports and airlines, have left terrorists to target more vulnerable areas such as tourist destinations. Attacking tourists’ spots such as hotels, restaurants, nightclubs, conference venues and other forms