Why Communism Is Not Happening And Why The Revolution Never Occurred?

Now, with the Italian fascist state crumbling around him, and without a direct charge from Mussolini, Gentile, who had been among those competing for Mussolini's favor in earlier periods of fascism, created the last Italian fascist theory. And that was more philosophical than the earlier attempts at creating an ideology were. Gentile's theory had its descriptive moments, but, in the large, he offered a wholly philosophical oversight into pure fascism. It had little in the way of a call to arms.

These institutions and social relationship structures, to remain, put in place hierarchies of power, which evolves with a stint of inequality. As systematic means of maintaining order in such society may necessitate the need for control via force or putting in place an ideology. Thus controlling the way the specific society sees the world and current social relationships appearing natural, normative and inevitable.

After it was conceived from the mind of Karl Marx, a Communist form of government

Italian Fascism is an authoritarian and nationalistic system of government and social organization, it was the political result of the relationship between socialist and nationalist rhetoric. It is a form of governance which employs intolerant views and practices, advocating traditionalism, interventionism and sameness rather than individualism. In order to promote their totalitarian ideals during the 1930s to 1945 fascist politicians such as Benito Mussolini, who had previously been a socialist newspaper editor, employed propaganda that included virtually all modes of media: the press, posters and film. The widespread dissemination of totalitarian ideals infiltrated into the school system where young Italians born from 1910 to 1935 were taught to “obey and fight.” The purpose of this paper is to analyse the diffusion of the Italian Identity through fascist propaganda from 1922-1943 and the identity that was diffused as a result of the exploitation of Mussolini’s various propaganda mediums. Did fascist propaganda contribute to the diffusion of an Italian identity? If so, what identity was diffused?

Benito Mussolini and his creation of Fascism was the glue that held Italy together. Fascism promised national unity and condemned the Socialist party. To understand how Fascism became powerful within Italy, it is imperative to acknowledge the driving force behind this regime. To put it bluntly, violence played an essential role in the development of the Fascist party. Mussolini’s practice of fierceness was able to create a formidable system of government that did not tolerate weakness. In 1919, Benito Mussolini give an Afternoon speech, where he stressed the difference between Socialism and Fascism. Here, he states, “We declare war, against socialism, not because it is socialism, but because it opposes nationalism” (Stone 2013, 38).

Benito Mussolini outlines several essential characteristics of his preferred political ideology, Fascism, in what has become known as the Doctrine of Fascism. In this paper, Mussolini outlines his vision of the ideology, and explains the major issues that Fascism will address once it becomes the leading political system in Italy. Mussolini’s major points as outlined in the Doctrine included an extreme emphasis on nationalism, organization and modernization of the state, persistent focus on religion, life as a struggle, and the notion that individuals exist only for the improvement of society as a whole. Wolfgang Schieder, after reviewing the Doctrine of Fascism, explains Mussolini’s success based on it and

For many decades, Russia was isolated from other part of the world politically and geographically. During the First World War, Russia’s industrialization was progressing fairly, as they implemented an education reform program to promote literacy among people. The program would have been successful if it was continued without obstacles. They also implemented a program named Stolypin in order to modernize the agriculture, which was bringing successful changes to the country; however, the Stolypin program was not completed because of problems such as War, the absent of a proper parliament institutions ,the corruption and excess of power among the secret police. Ethnicity in Russia groups was also among the problems as the Russian empire was becoming anarchical and it was getting difficult to maintain it due to pressure form the population who felt that their basic need were not being responded while the monarchy was having an extravagant lifestyle (Kennan,1). By 1917, most Russian were now convinced about the fact that Czar Nicholas II was not good enough to help revive the economy in Russia. Also, Corruption in the government was still untouched and the king had already dissolved the Duma because they did not agree to his will. The economy was still backward, without jobs, frustrated people were tired of the conditions that they lived

The University of California President Robert Gordon Sproul proposed that all University appointees to swear the following: “I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I do not believe in, and I am not a member of, nor do I support any party or organization that believes in, advocates, or teaches the overthrow of the United States government, by force or by any illegal or unconstitutional methods; that I will support the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of the State of California, and that I will faithfully discharge the duties of my office according to the best of my ability.”

Antonio Gramsci developed the concept Hegemony, “‘the hegemony of a political class meant for Gramsci that that class had succeeded in persuading the other classes of society to accept its own moral, political and cultural values.’ (Strinati, 1995, p153) The evidence of that the class except its own moral and cultural values can be seen in the

Fascism, before its rise to power in 1922, was an amorphous collection of often contradictory influences, ideologies, and backgrounds. World War I provided ties between the hyper-masculine and hyper-violent ideals of the movement. The growth of Fascism was slow immediately after the war, but that time was when many of the institutions of Fascism were founded. After 1919 through 1922 Fascism grew even more, but contradictions remained. R.J.B Bosworth argues in his book, Mussolini’s Italy: Life Under the Fascist Dictatorship, 1915-1945, that the early period of fascism was defined by earlier movements, the glorification of war, nebulous ideologies, slow growth, and contradictions.

The proverb says “great minds think alike”. One can also imagine that it is permissible for great minds to think very differently and uniquely as well. Two great minds that both thought similarly as well as differently during the early twentieth century were Benito Mussolini and Vladimir Lenin. Both men became leaders of great nations and led their respective populations on a crusade toward either Fascism or Communism. Mussolini’s Doctrine of Fascism and Lenin’s “” discuss the implementation of these two ideologies and their potential impact on the path of Italy and Russia moving into the twentieth century.

• This paper argues that Mussolini was a true fascist dictator who used power to manipulate and control every aspect of society, to its detriment, for the benefit of his own ideological agenda. • This paper

Benito Mussolini's fascist Italy stands the test of time as one of the great totalitarian governments of the 20th century. Ignazio Silone’s novel “Bread and Wine” set in 1930s fascist Italy pits the revolutionary socialist Pietro Spina against the Italian regime as he tries to extract support from the peasants disguised as a priest. Over the course of Pietro Spina’s travels, Bread and Wine suggests that fascist Italy and Pietro Spina’s socialism failed to gain a strong foothold over the peasants ideologically but fascism was effective in rooting out the political opposition in Italy. Silone’s novel “Bread and Wine” illustrates the weak ideological support structure for socialism and fascism in the rural farming communities of Southern Italy.

Through the slow loss of faith in communism, caused the end of the Cold War. The loss of faith in communism is understood the domestic economics, politics and soft power both of which are long-term factors that show there was a slow internal decay that caused the loss of faith in communism. Command economy is inflexible to changes in the world markets, where capitalism works on creative destruction. Economic failures meant that the promise of a high standard of living in communism was not meant, and people suffered while knowing the western European counterparts enjoyed a comfortable standard of living. The soft power of culture, pollical ideas or policy failed in the Soviet Union. The soft power of communism promises was never meant, weaken

Theories critically have roots attached to economic, cultural, social and political pillars.Fredrich and Antonio both have different opinions on this factors supported by personal point of views. Gramsci’s hegemony notion has great influence on human fields and rich in relation and involves complexity in theorization. However the two have slightly different explanation of these fields. The different opinions of Gramsci and Fredrich are as discussed below: