Belgium Research Paper

The story of the Local Charters, specially relating to Bishop Rudiger of Speyer, demonstrates Elukin’s theory of successful integration and relations between Christians and Jews in a local scaled setting. In 1084, a population of Jews departed from Maize because of a fire they feared to be blamed for, and were welcomed by the city of Speyer in Germany. Bishop Rudiger offered the Jews kindnesses such as safety, the right to practice their religion, the right to sell meat and good, and the right to have a legal status. The Jews not only were welcomed into the city, but helped the city thrive economically due to their rights to loan money with interest, rights that Christians do not have. The Jews spoke

By the year 1000 B.C.E the Jews had founded Israel as their national state (“Jews”). They actively practiced a very distinctive religion, Judaism. Israel was conquered several times and eventually came under the rule of the Roman Empire (“Jews”). During this time, Jews were legal citizens of the Empire. However, the Jews and Christians diverged quickly; the Jews were marginalized for being different and strange. They rejected the belief that Jesus is the Messiah and other christian laws. Eventually the Jewish revolt in 135 C.E. drove the Jews out of Jerusalem (“Jews”). They then lived throughout the Roman Empire and the materializing medieval states. They lived in their own communities called ghettos because they were not allowed to own land

Abrahams children brought the religion to Egypt, where they were enslaved for years. They then escaped and migrated to Israel where they live for years. Than the Jews migrated from Israel to southern Europe/North Africa became known as Sephardic (Spanish), and the Jews who had migrated to Northern and Western Europe and Northern Asia became known as Ashkenazic (German) Jews. They spread Judaism whenever Jews migrated to different regions and reading their holy book Torah and gathered followers.

it all started back in 135 AD when the Jews were expelled from they're homeland in Palestine causing them too spread out across Europe creating the Diaspora. Although the jews had been forced to leave the homeland they never lost their identity as jews and still longed too return to their

The European Union (EU) is a unique economic and political partnership between 28 different countries. It consists of about half a billion citizens, and its combined economy represents about 20 percent of the world’s total economy (Briney, 2015). Today The European Union works as a single market, with free movement of people, goods and services from one country to another. There is a standard system of laws to be followed, and since 1999 many countries share a single currency called the Euro (Europa.eu, 2015). This essay will explore the background history of the European Union and the benefits and drawbacks of the European Union.

“Those who had no choice but to flee for their survival and the survival of their families became refugees, seeking safe havens in other parts of Europe and beyond. At first, Jews were allowed to settle in neighboring countries such as Belgium, France, and Czechoslovakia, but as German occupation spread across the continent, these countries were no longer safe and refugees became increasingly desperate to escape. The life of Jewish refugees was described in this way: “[The refugees] were welcomed nowhere and could be assimilated nowhere. Once they had left their homeland they remained homeless, once they had left their state they remained stateless; once they had been deprived of their human rights they were right-less, the scum of the earth” (America, 2017).

Across countries and continents, through the rise and fall of great empires, and in multiple civilizations and religions, the Jewish people have been exiled martyrs for reasons far beyond their fault or doing. The Jewish people have come to accept this mutual exile as a part of their faith and religion. They are the people of exile until the messiah comes and the Jews will come together and live in the promised holy land. Since every Jew is an exile to the rest of society, this brings them closer together and creates a bond among the communities that keeps them strong and has kept the religion alive through most every situation. A new situation, however, is questioning the strength of the Jewish religion and its ability to remain as its defined people of exile. The Christian world has begun to push back their biased and hateful opinions on the Jews and recognize them as people. England, along with other governments, will contemplate whether the Jews could be citizens and if that would benefit them or not. It is not as much so for how the Jews have and will affect England at the time, but what

From 1880-1924, in order to escape persecution from Alexander the II’s reign and anti-Semitism, Russian Jews emigrated to America to escape a wave of religious persecution, a chance at a new life spurred on by the economic turmoil caused by industrialization, and for economic reasons. They arrived during, "The New Immigration" the wave of immigration that lasted from 1880-1924. A vast majority of the Jews settled on the East coast in places such as Manhattan, Boston, and Philadelphia. They also settled in other larger more industrialized and urbanized cities such as Chicago, Seattle and Detroit. The jobs Russian Jews held were mostly low skilled trades such as tailors and butchers or even worked in the early sweatshops.

by a trend of percolation rather then influx migration. Jews in the area practiced a quiet

The main reason that Jewish people left Europe was “the lack of economic opportunity,” (“Washington State History”). From the beginning, Jewish settlers “fully participated in the social and economic life of the region,” (“Washington State History”). Many of the immigrants came to Washington for relatives, friends and it increased the growth of the Jewish community in Washington State. In early 20th century, “many of these immigrants practiced crafts bought from their homeland” and it created more opportunities for their own businesses to grow in Washington (“Washington State History”). The last major immigration of “Eastern Europeans Jews took place during the first World War, when thousands made their way to Seattle,” (“Washington State History”). “Jews in Washington have continued to seek out ways to establish both economic, social networks” and politics in Washington (“Washington State History”). From early 20th century to 1945s, Jewish people have dominated for organizing events in towns, and cities to keep people connected and socialize easier. The Jewish immigrants left a mark in the history of Washington. They helped made politics more organized, created more available economic jobs in Washington and became more social with friends and family that searched to be

They had not come from Europe but were fleeing from northern Brazil. These Brazilian Jews were decedents of around 5,000 Jews living in Recife, Brazil, most of them secretly, since the 1500s. In the late 1620s the Dutch had taken over parts of Brazil from the Portuguese. In the Holland the Jewish people have long had asylum and many Dutch Jewish people had even invested in the Dutch West India Company. New Dutch Jewish people came to join the Brazilian Jews and were able to openly practice their Jewish faith. The Dutch West India Company maintained control of the colony in Brazil until a Portuguese naval force had re-conquered Lisbon’s erstwhile colony reasserting Portuguese rule in 1654. After the Portuguese regained the colony they forced out all the Dutch. The Brazilian Jews, now openly practicing their Jewish faith, fled fearing the introduction of the

Jan T. Gross. Neighbors: The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2001.

The topic i have chosen to discuss with my grandfather is his immigration from Morocco to Montreal. Throughout this literature review, i want to learn about the Jewish population living in Morocco in the 1950s-1960s because i will be interviewing my grandfather who was living in Morocco at that period of time and i would like to find out what led him to immigrate to Montreal. I would also like to learn how the transition from Morocco to Montreal was for him and his family.

During the Nazi invasion of Belgium, the fort of Breendonk was used as a “waiting camp” to hold Jews and political resistance prisoners, before being transferred German. A total of 3,500 prisoners, 20 nationalities mostly Belgians, in the beginning most of the prisoners were Jews. Torture and execution were common in Breendonk, six days a week they where force to do hard labor and excavate the fortress and braking blocks of concretes. May 16 1944 all the prisoners where taken to Germany, and right after replaced with members of the resistance. This was not the only time that Belgium was involved in a Genocide.

The Belgian people also prepared for the German invasion. In 1914 Belgium had a population of about 7.5 million people. Belgium being a neutral nation for over 80 years, did not know what to apprehend from the invasion. The people were panicked and prepared to evacuate. A large amount of people fled Belgium. Nearly 1,000,000 people journeyed to the Netherlands. Only around 100,000 people remained there until the end of the war. The Dutch opened up refugee camps for those who could not support themselves. Around 200,000 Belgians fled to Britain, and 300,000 went to France. The German’s were brutal in Belgium. Most of those who could not flee were forced to do labor for the Germans. The Germans cared very little about the civilians, and did