Why Does Differentiation Occur in Organization?.

In addition, management according to Cole (2008) is achievement of the objectives through to the five basic administrative functions (planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling).

Everyone in a managerial role is responsible for establishing the communication needs of the service users, providing appropriate support and ensuring any equipment needed to communicate is available. The Managerial role is to empower and promote the rights of every person taking into account individual needs, wants and rights.

Per Satterlee, chapter eight of Organization Management and Leadership, is about operations management, which is how products or services are provided in the most efficient and effective way. “Operations management is the implementation of all the functions of management,” (Satterlee, p. 224). This includes where infrastructure may be built, where supplies and materials are obtained, production is scheduled, inventory is managed, and equipment is maintained.

The primary functions of the management process consist of planning and strategizing, organizing, leading and controlling. The planning process helps

Structure is the basis through which an organization seeks to create control the direction of an organization. This is completed through clear definitions of the allocation of work, differentiation, and the coordination of having those responsibilities working together towards the efforts of the organization, integration (Bolman & Deal, 1993, pp). Through these methods, the organization is able to devise a division of labor that collaborates to bring about the missions and goals of an organization. The structure that comes about from this can be varied in their rigidness and flexibility it allows, and to an extent this is a great contribution to its success.

Management basics functions are planning, organizing, directing, lending, and controlling performance. Planning consist of the ability to create spreadsheets to work though of what has to happen (plan), and will consist of dates of when task are to be completed. Also spreadsheets will keep the business inline to achieve the goal in a reasonable time frame. Planning as well can be managing the schedule, adhering to the schedule forecast to have associates where they need to be a peak times of the business.

(i) Management is responsible for organising the resources of the company to achieve organisational objectives.

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People, process and technology are one commonly used distinction. Process, organisation and technology are another. Andrew Campbell of Ashridge Business School refers to five domains: Process; Information systems; Locations and buildings; Organization and people; and Suppliers and business partners. In addition, an organization is a complex system. An operating model breaks this system into components, showing how it works. It can help different participants understand the whole; can help those making changes check that the whole will still work; also help those transforming an operation coordinate all the different changes that need to happen. Furthermore, there are four different operating models:

Planning. This function involves determining organizational goals and a means for achieving them. Planning is a fundamental aspect for any organization because it reduces uncertainty, increases organizational success, and helps the organization reach its objectives. Before implementing a strategy, it is important to identify the organizations vision, mission, and values. And like most organizations,

2.2.2 The managerial functions. For effective business management to happen, scientific administration proponents state that there are four functions that need to be performed: planning, organizing, executing, and controlling (Stoner, 2008). Each of these

Management in my mind and as the book reinforces the definition to be, to plan, to organize, to staff for the process, and to control the process to the end. These are consider the primary functions of the management role (p.8).

Just as the pin factory example showed, the one task of creating a pin was broken down into multiple roles/subunits (Horizontal Differentiation) and just as these tasks can be simplified and more efficient by dividing them into roles and subunits, they need to people coordinate them. These people can range from a simple manager of a subunit, all the way to the owner of the organization, creating an organizational hierarchy (Vertical Differentiation). When these processes and forms of coordination work together, this is what drives the building of the organization as a whole. The extent of which is determined by the organizations structure.

The definition brings into focus the functions of management which are; planning, organizing, leading and controlling.

Organizational structure is a system that consists of explicit and implicit institutional rules and policies designed to outline how various work roles and responsibilities are delegated, controlled and coordinated. (Investopedia, 2017) , It determines the guidelines of activities such as task distribution, coordination, and supervision to reach and achieve organizational objectives. The organization can be structured in various ways, depending on its objectives.