Why Does Meiosis Lead To Significant Genetic Variation While Mitosis Does Not?

     More than one celled organisms grow by way of mitosis and the cytoplasmic division of body cells. On the other hand, meiosis occurs only in germ cells, which are put aside for the formation of gametes (sperm and egg). Reproduction by meiosis allows for species survival and it increases genetic variability.

Mitosis is a cellular process that replicates chromosomes and produces two identical nuclei in preparation for cell division, from the original cell two cells are derived, each of which possesses the same genetic material. Mitosis has five phases: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Interphase The DNA duplicates during interphase to prepare for mitosis. Chromosomes are not clearly discerned in the nucleus. Prophase Chromatin in the nucleus begins to condense and becomes visible in the light microscope as chromosomes. The nuclear membrane dissolves. Microtubules attach at the kinetochores and the chromosomes begin moving. Metaphase Spindle fibers align the chromosomes along the middle of the cell nucleus. This line is

Mitosis: This is the process by which a cell duplicates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus in order to generate two identical daughter nuclei.

Mitosis and meiosis are similar in several ways and different in others. The similarities include that both processes involve IPMAT. IPMAT is interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. The parent cells are diploid. They both end with cytokinesis. In Metaphase and Metaphase II, the sister chromatids line up along the center. Then in Anaphase and Anaphase II, these chromatids are split and pulled towards the centrosomes. The differences are that mitosis consists of 1 division while meiosis consists of 2. Four genetically different, haploid sex cells are the products of meiosis and 2 identical, diploid somatic cells from mitosis. Mitosis occurs in all organisms except viruses and meiosis only occurs in plants, animals, and fungi.

Meiosis results in four daughter cells (gametes) which have half the number of chromosomes of the original cell. They are therefore called haploid cell

A) Meiosis consists of two cell divisions and is broken up into Meiosis I and Meiosis II. At the beginning of the Cell Cycle, in this case there are four chromatids each from the homologous pairs being A, a, B, b. This is the Diploid number (4) meaning it is 2 times the haploid number that will be seen at the end of meiosis II. During the S phase of interphase, the chromatids replicate and reach the end of G2 phase. Now starting meiosis, during the first stage of prophase I the chromosomes condense and pair up through synapsis with their sister chromatids creating AA, aa, BB, bb. After they pair up they go through a process called crossing over, where the homologous chromosomes share a piece of their genetic material with each other. Crossing over allows for the genetic diversity of chromosomes. Now there are four homologous chromosomes Aa, Aa, Bb, Bb, each containing heterozygous alleles because the sister chromatids exchanged genetic information with their homologous pair. During late prophase I, spindle fibers being to form where they will later attach to a homologous chromosomes centromere. The next stage is Metaphase I. During metaphase I, the homologous pairs line up at the metaphase plate, also known to be the center of the cell. The homologous pairs form a tetrad which is considered a group of four homologous chromosomes. These homologous chromosomes orient themselves randomly, which is know as the process of independent

The phase in mitosis which chromatin begins to coil and the mitotic spindle begins to form.

19) The phase of mitosis during which the nuclear envelope fragments and the nucleoli disappear is called

Cell division may happen by either mitosis or meiosis, depending on what type of cell is invovled. Mitosis is a process by which a cell divides to form two daughter cells. They each have the same exact number and kind of chromosomes as the parent cell. Meiosis occurs in the primary sex cells leading to the formation of viable egg and sperm cells. They reduce the number of chromosomes to half in each gamete so that when they are getting furtilized, the species chromosome number is kept even.

Response Feedback: Meiosis occurs only in replicating gametes or reproducing cells. In phase one, the number of chromosomes is reduced by half but the chromatid pairs remain together. In phase two, the chromatids split apart forming four daughter cells. Non-germ cells such as red blood cells or skin cells undergo mitosis.For more information on this topic, consult:Carol Mattson Porth and Glen Matfin, Pathophysiology, 8th Edition,

This study was performed in order to gain more knowledge on mitosis and meiosis. This lab was done by observing mitosis in plant and animal cells, comparing the relative lengths of the stages of mitosis in onion root tip cells, stimulating the stages of meiosis, observing evidence of crossing-over in meiosis using Sordaria fimicola, and estimating the distance of a gene locus from its centromere. Mitosis is the scientific term for nuclear cell division, where the nucleus of the cell divides, resulting in two sets of identical chromosomes. Mitosis is accompanied by cytokinesis in which the end result is two completely separate cells called daughter cells. There are four phases of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and

2.Meiosis - the division of a cell 's nucleus, ultimately resulting in four daughter nuclei, each with half as many chromosomes as the original nucleus. includes two nuclear divisions meiosis I and meiosis II. Chromosome number is reduced from haploid to diploid.

This particular type of cell division results in the production of four daughter cells per parent cell with only half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell in each daughter cell. The process of meiosis can be separated into two cycles, the 1st division and the 2nd division. The first division consists of 4 phases. Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase. The Second division consists of prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II and Telophase II. Interphase occurs at the beginning of each phase and Cytokinesis occurs at the end of each phase. Meiosis is used for the production of gametes, or sex cells, in sexually reproducing organisms. These daughter cells have only half the number of chromosomes of a normal body cell. This is important because when two gametes come together, the number of chromosomes in the zygote

In genetics, the way people retrieve their genes and traits is through cell division; mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis in cell division is the process in making body cells. There are 7 stages in mitosis; interphase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. In interphase, the cell is growing normally and synthesizes with organelles. In prophase, changes occur in the cell and parts of the structures begin to break down, setting the stage for chromosome division. Prometaphase is the stage where the chromosomes are sorted and made very compact, and metaphase is when the chromatids of each chromosome are attached to a microtube to form a spindle. Anaphase it the process in which the chromosomes split, leading into telophase, which is where the chromatids travel to opposite poles in a cell and new membranes form around the nuclei. The final stage in mitosis, cytokinesis, is when the chromatids split in two.

In the year 1882 a man by the name of Walter Flemmings found out the process of mitosis in greater depth. A German zoologist Otto Bütschli might have discovered a process known as "mitosis", nevertheless he wasn't able to explain the topic in understandable vocabulary. Originally mitosis was discovered in frog, rabbit, and cat cornea cells and described briefly by the Polish histologist Wacław Mayzel in 1875. Flemmings got the fame because of his explanation. Now most of you might not know what this is since it is fairly new. This is a process where body cells or somatic cells are produced concluding the end product to be identical to one another. This an asexual process of cell division. In other words mitosis is a part of the cell cycle