Why Google 's Digital Library Project Is A Violation Of International Copyright Law

There are four elements to determine something is fair use based on the copyright act of 1976: is the purpose for educational purposes or commercial purposes, is the nature of the work copyrighted, is the amount of the portion related to the copyright as while and finally is the effect diminish the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work?

“The Future of Libraries in The E-Book Age.” NPR, NPR, 4 Apr. 2011, www.npr.org/2011/04/04/135117829/the-future-of-libraries-in-the-e-book-age. Accessed 1 Mar. 2017. In this article, Lynn Neary writes of the struggle libraries are havinh in battling technology as it progresses. The uprising of e-books, has left libraries somewhat ignored; until places such as Harper Collins publishing co. put a limit on how many times an e-book can be rented. Several pros of e-books are: when it is overdue it disappears from the device without any extra charge; and if it is loaned to someone, the copy is still on your device. One fear is that libraries are becoming obsolete and eventually, publishers will no longer be making money – thus authors will make even less from their works. Eli Neiburger thinks libraries could deal straight from the source: content providers. People would be forced to go through the library and the author/artist would get more money out of that. Libraries have always been the quiet thinking place, but if they are to survive, they must make changes to accommodate the uprising of digital novels and

Picture the face of a student receiving a research paper, not to thrilling, some will start sooner than others but everyone must start their research papers somehow and some way. Google means “to search” and now in days it can be used for browsing, personal computing, email, and broadband networking (Krazit). Years ago when internet and Google did not exist students actually went to the library to not only study but to get and look through books. That is how students got their research for papers, while students today use the internet and mostly Google. Now when students go to the library they use it for a study area and internet access. Walking into the library

Anyone accused of copyright infringement is protected under the claim of Fair use as long as they stayed within the fair use guidelines; the borrowed work must be used for the following reasons: Education, Critique, Parody or commentary. Professor Faden has been wrongly accused of Copyright infringement over his “Fair(y) Use Tale” video by Disney, accusing him of stealing their Intellectual Property for his own personal gain. This paper will prove Professor Faden’s innocence and why his video should be allowed to stay online.

In part one of this paper I will be discussing fair use in detail. I will be covering why fair use is important, how fair use has developed over time, as well as the four factors in determining whether or not a piece of work qualifies under fair use.

People in The United States can get access to more information than people in China through the Internet, printed materials and films. Although censorship sometimes is imposed on the basis of national security or obscene description, the United States still lives up to its fame of freedom of getting information. In Chicago University library, in addition to books published in the United States, books published in “evil-axis” countries are also exhibited in the library, although these books may contain prejudice against the United States. However, in China, due to the decree on politically sensitive topics including Taiwan, Boxer Rebellion, cultural revolution, etc. Generally, printed materials are censored four times by both editors and Publication Company before it finally comes out (Jiao Guobiao, 2004). Furthermore, there is no exception of censorship for books published in foreign countries. Consequently, Sensitive topics like Boxer Rebellion are spotted covered with sticky tape in The Oxford Illustrated English Dictionary.

Google has proposed an agreement with representatives of authors and publishers to host a massive digital library. This library will consist of mostly books published in the United States. Google will make digitally available new and old books. This catalog will include books that are no longer in print and “orphan” texts (books where the copyright owner is unknown or contact information is unavailable).5 The texts will be available through search engines, for individual sale as electronic-books, and with database subscriptions. If the Google agreement is approved by the Justice Department, ethical issues would come into question. The issues addressed in this paper include whether the agreement creates a “legally sanctioned cartel for

The progress in relation to Google books has of late sparked a cause for closer look in relation to the issue. All these problems have emanated from the argument by Google in the year 2005, that the company would start a scanning process on books and digitalize them in order to create a web based library for the world. By the year 2011, Google had gone ahead and rolled out this plan working with various partners in the scanning certain books and availing them online. Google books have faced controversy because of various issues such as copyright infringement. As pertains to copyright infringement, there has been raging debate that Google was violating the provision by scanning contents of books whose authors had not died in the past 70 years (Baksik 405).

Google's monopoly does not come from coercion or anti-competitive practices. Instead, it is derived from offering a superior product. On the Internet, there is little barrier to entry so anyone can set up competition at little cost. Through Google's history, many well-capitalized companies have attempted to wrest market share away from it. The most aggressive and recent competitor was Microsoft's (MSFT) Bing. Even Google at one time was an upstart company that beat out billion dollar companies such as Microsoft and Yahoo (YHOO), which were dominant in Internet searches.

One of the most popular tools available students on the internet is Google. Google’s search system allows users to perform very detailed and specific searches, even allowing user to search for specific file types such as Microsoft Word documents, Adobe Reading documents, which are popular formats for academic material. An article featured in the Minnesota State University Reporter states plagiarism has also become a big business as some companies provide prewritten papers, presentations, and other assignments a student may seek. In addition to these services some companies also offer custom research at a premium. (Kates, 2003)

According to the Stanford University webpage fair use is “any copying of copyrighted material done for a limited and “transformative” purpose.” “Transformative” in this interpretation refers to the process by which copyrighted works are used in creative or alternative manners in which something new is created or made use of. The nature of how transformative a work is often aids in determining the eligibility for the first of the fair use factors. When determining the legality of copyright issues, Courts often look to four factors which have been laid out as qualifiers and evaluators for fair use in a given dispute. These four factors are not concrete in interpretation and therefore results of given disputes can vary based on the Court

Google accepting such censorship damaged the company's reputation because according to some critics they did not consider their social responsibility, especially human rights. Their critics believe they favor profitability over human rights. On the contrary Google argues that by adapting the way they operate in China, and allowing censorship would help bring more freedom of speech eventually. The article, Business

Google is a company that was conceptualized in a dorm room by two Stanford University college students in 1996 (Arnold, 2005, p. 1) and has morphed into one of the greatest technological powerhouses in operation today. What began as merely a means to analyze and categorize Web sites according to their relevance has developed into a vast library of widely utilized resources, including email servicing, calendaring, instant messaging and photo editing, just to reference a few. Recent statistics collected by SearchEngineWatch.com reflects that of the 10 billion searches performed within the United States during the month of February, 2008, an impressive 5.9 billion of them were executed by Google (Burns, 2008). Rated as Fortune Magazine’s

First, librarians should provide materials which fulfill patron’s book requests because censorship revokes citizens’ freedom to read. Reading a book informs people; it takes readers on journeys to a place far from reality. Since reading books provides numerous benefits to its reader, freedom to read is critically important. As the American Library Association (ALA) stated, “The freedom to read is essential to our democracy” (Intellectual Freedom, 2010, p. 203). American citizens’ freedom to read is continuously under attack; therefore, the freedom to read is important. According to the Library of Congress,

Innovation, information technology and internet penetration have completely changed the publishing industry. The arrival of the digital book and the rapid progress they have made with their technological support has certainly revolutionized the international publishing industry and begin to leave their mark on the publishing market. All kind of the printed books are now available in the digital form. This digitization of the written language finally reached the book publishing industry; electronic books now can be purchased and downloaded from various types of electronic online libraries. E-books can be read on different portable devices, which are now owned by almost the entire society. The fast development of the technology and the growth of the network