Why Is Patronage Important To The Military

In ancient Rome, there were two classes the Patricians who were the descendants of the senators appointed by King Romulus, and the Plebeians or plebs who were the free and lower class people. There was a growing tension between the two classes right from the foundation of Rome. The tension escaladed following the fall of Etruscan king and the declaration of Rome as a republic; the rise of aristocrats? leadership.

upper class consisted of wealthy and well educated minor aristocrats they could vote and they held high public office

Rome began in 31 BCE when Augustus Caesar became the first emperor of Rome, and the Roman empire was a significant and powerful western civilization with a complex political, religious, and social system by 117 CE (Mark, Roman Empire). From the parallel streets in cities of the Roman empire to the layout of the Roman forum to the living structures of the different classes, the Roman empire at this time was highly organized and methodical. And these are but a few examples of the power and authority of the Roman empire, which clearly put the citizens in their place. Looking at Rome and Pompeii, ancient art, building structures, and city layouts clearly stratified citizens based on economic and social status.

The purpose of this research paper is to analyze the Roman Empire and the culture within that civilization from 43-306 C.E. Centrally located in the Mediterranean lies Italy, one of the three great peninsulas that can be seen from the south of Europe. The Roman Empire and its civilization has always been one to be admired by people and leaders all around the world. When the thought of this illustrious empire comes to an individual’s mind, one might assume that they may think of the great Julius Caesar and his tragic death, Marc Antony and Cleopatra, or even the great philosophers that flourished during this time. Thousands of years later the romans are still being praised for their advances in the sciences, philosophy, and government.

The first group was a highly privileged class of Roman citizens and membership was strictly hereditary; thus, they could trace their lineage to the first Senate established by Romulus (Livius), and this is one reason why they were referred as “fathers” (“patres”) of the State. Consequently, it was believed that

Roman society was pretty complex. Starting as a monarchy and ending up as a republic played a key factor in the roman society. Rome hold values into their gods and religious beliefs. The romans got their social status based of wealth, royal bloodline, and ranking in the army. Romans always used war to gain new territory which helped them gain better methods that they used to shaped the way their society was upkept. Rome was founded in 753 (BC) in Palatine Hill by Romulus the first king of rome.

social outlook give important insights into the manner in which Roman society of the period was

They were the middle class of Rome. Then there were ordinary Roman citizens that were below all of the other classes that extended out all over.

The Etruscans influence on Rome had to do with location. Towards the end of the 7th century BCE, the Etruscans expanded their territories. Their territories included Northern Italy, with the Po Valley league, and the Etruscan city-states controlled areas over Latium, which also included Rome and Campania to the South. Hence the evolution of influence begins. In Livy, Romulus mentions one of the Etruscan influences, “I am inclined to agree with those who think that as a class of public officers was borrowed from the same people from whom the ‘sella curulis’ and the ‘toga praetexta’ were adopted- their neighbors, the Etruscans- so the number itself also was taken from them.” In this quote, not only does Romulus mention the influence in clothes but the influence in government as well. The number he mentions at the end of the quote has to do with twelve lictors he called to service. A lictor is a public officer who attended on the chief Roman magistrates… the office of lictor is said to have been derived by Romulus from the Etruscans.[10] The twelve lictors were responsible for passing judgment on criminals after a trail. This included Roman citizens, foreigners and slaves as well. Government was in fact another thing

Ancient Rome was one of the most influential historical societies on our world today. From architecture to the basic way that the government was set up, they created a new era of thinking that set the standard for countries in the future, including how social classes were organized. Rome was an empire that was built upon its social classes with clearly defined roles that allowed for limited social mobility. There was a large gap between the wealthy upper class and the lower classes as well as slaves. Three main factors decided one's class, including wealth, freedom, and Roman citizenship. A person's social class determined what education, pastimes, and occupations were available to them. These classes included the elite upper class, a

Patriotism and dedication to the Empire slowly faded as people started to care less about Rome’s prosperity. The aristocrats turned to self-interest when they once provided the Roman Empire with strong leaders. The gap between the rich and poor grew tremendously, causing issues within the social classes. “Bread and Circuses” also played a part in Roman society’s decline. Though it helped decrease the amount of revolts by the poor citizens, it also contributed harmfully to society. For one, it was extremely expensive which took money away from the Roman government. It also weakened the element of independence that Roman citizens once had. Inaction by the rulers, poor decision-making, and apathy greatly affected the fate of the Empire.

The Roman Empire was the most extensive in social and political order in western civilization. It began when Augustus Caesar became the emperor of Rome. It is important to note that Rome started out very humble and archaic. Despite how primitive it was, Rome managed to become a world dominating power. Some of the advantages that Rome had were it's location near the sea which facilitated and enhanced trade, and the proximity of the Greek influence which gave potential to the uprise of the Roman Empire. Along with a new empire comes new economical values, governments and class structure. And along with the undoing of an empire comes the destruction of those values, the government and the class structure. As the Roman Empire rises, so does

The Roman was the most advanced for its time in 800 b.c. and this paper is about Roman Society and pivotal points in its time.

Praetors were set in charge of protecting the civil law. The main principles of law are to live uprightly and not to injure another man. The Roman society is based around two classes; the Plebeians who represent over ninety percent of the common population and the Patricians were descendants from the first three hundred senators seen as the elite class. The leaders of the society were the consuls and senate which created laws choose leaders, and lead military campaigns. The Roman economy was far less advanced and sophisticated as its famed government it was mainly agrarian, and slave based focused on feeding its people and more importantly its army. The conquest and subjugation of lesser kingdoms and territories was a major propone in Roman economics. The Roman republic as we know it was a revolutionary system that shaped politics and cultural norms for how citizens have a role in electing leaders as well as leader’s positions in the new political battle field that became the roman senate and counsels. The Roman republic made strives under its emperors to improve culture thru public works projects, expanded influence on France and England, changes in land ownership to smaller scales to benefit the state. However while some leaders like Augustus and Julius Caesar where strong others like Nero and Caligula were crazed and broken rulers who brought hard times upon Rome.

Patron, Patronage, and Clients During the era of Ancient Rome, societal status was determined by which class one was a member of. These Roman classes were determined by 3 major factors, according to Jo-Ann Shelton, “Three major factors determined the class structure: (1) wealth or (lack of it), (2) freedom or (lack of it), and (3) Roman citizenship or (lack of it)” (Shelton 4). Social class in Ancient Rome was hierarchical, which means arranged in an order of rank, and the ranks in Rome were Patron, Patronage, and Clients.