Why It Is Still Considerate As The Gold Standard For Dna Sequencing Essay

BLAST is considerably faster than the other tools by rapidly aligning sequences and is less time-

DNA testing has overthrown the way police collect evidence in a number of criminal cases, especially rape and murder and consequently had a large impact on many past cases. However there are many disadvantages to DNA testing, such as a challenge of accuracy, the costs of DNA testing and the possible misuse of DNA. The prospect of a national DNA database in Australia has been heavily criticised with complaints of invasion of privacy and stigma against those with terminal diseases.

This paper explores the history and some interesting facts about DNA. The last couple centuries have seen an exponential growth in our knowledge of DNA. The history of the DNA can be traced back to multiple devoted scientist. This article attempts to summarize, and review the basic history of DNA while providing some fascinating information about it.

(PCR), which isolates small fragments of DNA that have a high degree of variability from

Aziz, N., Qin, Z., Bry, L., Driscoll, D. K., Funke, B., Gibson, J. S., & ... Voelkerding, K. V. (2015). College of American Pathologists' Laboratory Standards for Next-Generation Sequencing Clinical Tests. Archives Of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 139(4), 481-493 13p.

The HGP was a 13-year long project started in 1990 with the objective of determining the entire human euchromatic genome sequence. It was a public funded project and the goal was to complete the project within 15 years. Since its inception, the project had been met with scepticism from scientists and commoners alike. One significant doubt was whether the astounding expenditure of the project would outweigh the potential benefits from it. However, the incredible success of the HGP became apparent very soon after completion. Not only did it mark the beginning of a new era in medicine, it also made significant development in the various techniques that can be used for DNA sequencing. This publicly funded, $3 billion project began formally in 1990, under the co-ordinated effort of the United States Department of Energy (DOE) and National Institutes of Health (NIH). Although destined to be completed in 15 years, rapid technological development accelerated the completion date to 2003.

Former attorney General Janet Reno described our system of justice as a search for the truth.(1) Increasingly, the forensic use of DNA technology is an important ally in that search. DNA fingerprinting, better known in the scientific realm as DNA profiling, has given police and the courts a means of identifying the perpetrators of rapes and murders with a very high degree of confidence. However, nine years after its introduction, forensic DNA typing is still used only selectively. This is due to a variety of factors, including the unavailability of forensic typing to local prosecutors, the time required to perform the typing, and the costs of the tests if private laboratories are utilized. Formerly

Star Genomics has licensing and support from specific research Universities which means that they have new cutting edge methodologies. Research Universities have public support and grants in addition to having a willingness to take risks.

This method, as well as the Maxam and Gilbert method, for sequencing DNA are transforming the world of science, medicine and the views of people around the world.

Deoxyribonucleic acid profiling also commonly known as DNA is a biotechnological science, a forensic technique used to identify individuals by using their genetic sequencing, although most people have the same DNA they have different regions within their sequencing that makes them individual. Profiling is not only used for fingerprinting it is used to analyse saliva, skin tissue, blood, hair and semen. The procedure of DNA profiling is used to identify criminals, disaster victims and one’s pedigrees through paternity tests.

that a DNA sample taken from a suspect could lead to an indictment or release of

Sanger Sequencing was introduced in 1977 by Frederick Sanger and has been extensively used for at least 35 years (10,11). Even now, it is still frequently used for small scale sequencing work. No breakthrough of whole genome sequencing techniques was made until the launches of Roche 454 GS20 (12) and ABI SOLID (13) in the mid 2000. Soon after that, Ion Torrent (14), PacBio (15) and Illumina (16) platforms have been introduced and quickly occupied the market of genomic sequencing. Not until recently, the third generation sequencing, such as the nanopore (17), has been commercialized and initially tested. A timeline of the development of DNA sequencing platforms was described in Figure 1.

such, we may adopt genome-mining approaches to investigate its putative BGC. However, and as it

The term DNA seems new and intricate to the judicial system because it does not closely relate to scientific terms. Hence, a lawyer needs to understand what the term represents. DNA, the abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid, refers to the major building component of life. It is a relatively long, twisted, and coiled miniature strand that holds coded information (sequence) necessary for directing and controlling all biochemical processes in the body. In addition, it is responsible for determining the body’s physical characteristics. For that reason, all individuals have DNA materials, which are behind the uniqueness they portray.

DNA sequencing, specifically with small “nanopore” sequencers, have the potential to advance medicine by increasing scientific knowledge of diseases and improving medical diagnosis in remote areas. The leading sequencer today is the MinION, which is an incredible 10x3x2cm and only requires a USB connection to a computer [5]. The MinION currently can sequence viral and bacterial genomes, but will expand to include full human genomes. The MinION’s size and capabilities allow it to target the microscopic source of ailments outside of the laboratory and in a greatly reduced amount of time.