Why Pterosaurs Need To Fly

The author states that there is a considerable evidence that dinosaurs were endotherms and provides three resons. In contrast, the professor states that many scientists have problem with the author arguments and she oppses each of the author's reasons.

Moreover, theropods were in fact large dinosaurs with “tiny arms, huge legs and a tail” (Lyndon, 2009). Two, the ground up evolution theory works against the facts of gravity and is thus a “highly improbable” explanation (Lyndon, 2009). Furthermore, the incline theory is unreliable because it works against logic (Lyndon, 2009). The Theropod’s legs remained small and did not evolved (Lyndon, 2009). “One would think that the legs of these creatures might evolve” to larger and “more muscular from running up ramps” (Lyndon, 2009). One might question why would they instead grow aerodynamic wings rather than larger lower body structure? Furthermore, evolution states theropods were able to achieve flight without an “intelligent brain among them”, yet it took human beings thousands of years to achieve such ability (Lyndon, 2009). These odds appear to be highly improbably (Lyndon, 2009). Lastly, in correlation with the evolution of insect flight during the Carboniferous Period, all the evidence regarding insect flight is that when they first appeared “they were skilled fliers” (Lyndon, 2009). The same is said of the evolution of bird flight; they were born skilled in the art of flight (Lyndon,

Scientists recently discovered that the famous T-Rex had feathers. Based on the findings of Source 2, it can be confirmed that the enormous dinosaur had feathers.“This Dilong paradoxus dinosaur is a small-sized, evolutionary predecessor of Tyrannosaurus rex. Even though he never had wings or flew, his fossils prove that the Tyrannosaurs evolved with primitive feathers” (Source 2). Along with dinosaurs, scientists have found a new way to organize organisms. “However, the information used by scientists to classify organisms changed greatly in the 20th century. Molecular biology has given scientists additional information as to how organisms are related” (Source 3). People, specifically scientists, have discovered more and more with the help of

Firstly, the passage says that according to the doubters the Pterosaurs were a family of reptile. Since modern reptiles have cold blood which in turn is responsible for their slow metabolism and inability to produce a lot of energy, with the same attributes it would be highly unlikely for the Pterosaurs to have the capability to fly by flapping their wings. However, the Professor says that from the Pterosaurs fossils dense hairlike

Zhenyuanlong Suni is a winged dinosaur from the Yixian Formation in China. The fossil found is the only one on record currently. Zenyuanlong Suni was discovered in June 2015, and the orginal analysis was done by Dr. Stephen Brusatte and Junchang Lü. Unfortunately not much is known about our dinosaur. Luckily the lone fossil found has almost been perfectly preserved, it even included traces of feathers from its wings. We found that it was highly unlikely that Zhenyuanlong Suni was capable of having powered flight due to its underdeveloped muscle structure yet it had very large wings. Some of its ancestors before could fly (powered flight) and we also find dinosaurs closely related that the capability of powered flight. This poses the question, what were the wings used for? The wings are very large and are aerodynamic, they just lack the muscle needed for powered flight.

A ground dwelling origin of flight also has convincing evidence. A study found that non-avian feathered theropods could get a boost of speed by flapping their wings (Sloan 51). Therefore, longer feathers and bigger wings meant faster speeds until flight could

Initially, the writer drew attention to the point that these creatures were cold-blood; hence they were not able to produce adequate energy to fly. However, the lecturer was quite doubtful about the validity of this idea. She explained that they have found some fossils which show that these creatures had dense hair on their skin which help them keep their body temperature normal. This evidence confirms that Pterosaurs were warm-blood and they have been able to fly.

The theropods, also called by some people the “bird footed dinosaurs,” were a group of saurischian dinosaurs that used to walk the earth making everything in it’s path tremble. They were blood thirsty killing-machines with razor sharp teeth, ripping and tearing apart their prey and its flesh effortlessly. Many people believe that all dinosaurs are extinct and that there are none left on earth, but technically they are wrong. Those frightening beasts that used to roam earth years ago have now evolved into today's vibrant, colorful feathered birds, replacing their teeth with beaks. Shuo Wang, and evolutionary scientist and his team examined three theropods that had baby teeth but as they grew older they developed a beak. “This demonstrates an

A fossil found in the 1860s named Archaeopteryx was a said to be one of the most important finds for evolutionists. Archae is what is now called as a transitional fossil, and this specific transition is between dinosaurs and birds. Archaeopteryx is indeed classified as a bird, but the Archaeopteryx has unique features that are not possessed by birds. The Archaeopteryx does not have a bill, its trunk region vertebra is free whereas in birds it is always fused, and the Archaeopteryx has teeth which no modern day birds have. Some of its more avian features are its opposable hallux which just means it has a ‘big toe’ which is a common trait found in birds not dinosaurs, and of course feathers, among other features.

Past studies showed the strength of the form and function relationship in the avian furcula, while this study examined the form and function in more modern Mesozoic birds. This study revealed that eigenshape analysis of Arvin birds furcular allows for more derived flight modes. This study confirmed that soaring birds have a more U-shaped furcula than continuously-flapping birds. It also observed that the interclavicular angle is an even more important aspect of flight mode than the curvature, and is positively correlated with body size. This study demonstrates that the Mesozoic taxa have evolved unique flight modes through different musculoskeletal

(1856, 1881, p.1069). I could literally envision seagulls gliding in the sky with very little effort, just allowing the wind to

The discovery that birds evolved from small carnivorous dinosaurs of the Late Jurassic was made possible by recently discovered fossils from China, South America, and other countries, as well as by looking at old museum specimens from new perspectives and with new methods. The hunt for the ancestors of living birds began with a specimen of Archaeopteryx, the first known bird, discovered in the early 1860s. Like birds, it had feathers along its arms and tail, but unlike living birds, it also had teeth and a long bony tail. Furthermore, many of the bones in Archaeopteryx's hands, shoulder girdles, pelvis, and feet were distinct, not fused and reduced as they are in living birds. Based on these characteristics, Archaeopteryx was recognized as

The archaeopteryx, once thought of as the "First Bird" or "Urvogel" was a avian/reptile. The Archaeopteryx was believed to live about 150 million years ago, towards the end of the Jurassic period. The Avian dinosaur was a carnivore and scientist believe it prayed on small animals, which it would pick up in its talons. It also had wings like any other avian, but scientist are not completely sure if it could fly, glide or it even be another type of flightless bird, like the Dodo.

Jurassic Park by Michael Crichton demonstrated many dinosaur characteristics and behaviors. The dinosaurs were fictionally characterized to appeal to the readers. By examining the dinosaur’s appearance and behaviors of dinosaurs such as the duckbilled dinosaur, velociraptor, hypsilophodontids, dilophosaurs, Triceratops, apatosaurs, Tyrannosaurus rex, stegosaurs, and maiasaurs distinguished whether the evidence existed in the field of paleontology. The behaviors and characteristics of the dinosaur are divided into three factors as behaviors that were supported, not supported, and no evidence to support or refute the behavior.

The Greek legend of Daedalus and Icarus is one of the earliest known stories of flight. Daedalus (Designer of the labyrinth that held the minotaur) was shut up in a tower to prevent his knowledge of King Minos’ Labyrinth from spreading to the public. He could not leave Crete by sea, as the king kept watch on all vessels so Daedalus made wings for himself and his son Icarus. He tied feathers together and secured the feathers with string and wax. When the work was done, Daedelus equipped his son with a similar pair of wings and taught him how to fly. When both were prepared for flight, Daedalus warned Icarus not to fly too high, because the heat of the sun would melt the wax, nor too low, because the sea foam would soak the feathers. Despite this advice, Icarus began to forget his