WHAT MOTIVATED “RIGHTEOUS GENTILES” TO SAVE JEWISH PEOPLE? WAS IT ALTRUISM , ECONOMIC GAIN OR OTHER REASONS ?
BY JOSHUA GERSOHN
INTRODUCTION
During the Holocaust period (1939-1945) many Jewish lives were saved by non-Jews. These saviours were referred to as “Righteous Gentiles.”
Many hundreds of these non-Jewish people have been honoured for their bravery and personal sacrifice, of which the German industrialist Oskar Schindler is probably the best known.
We might never know exactly what motivated these individuals or groups to risk torture and death under the Nazi regime to save one or a thousand Jewish lives- we can merely surmise and try understand from the stories.
Some acted purely for economic gain, others out of altruism and
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Holocaust Genocide Studies (1993) 7 (3) 372-401. http:/hgs.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/3/372
This source written by a Professor of Christian Ethical Studies examines why more non-Jews did not help their Jewish neighbours and then focuses on why some Christian Gentiles did risk their lives to save their Jewish neighbours.
The text is written from a religious point of view and examines the social, biblical influences that may have been a common trait among righteous gentiles.
This source refers to accounts of survivors and the help they received from the clergy, nuns, covents and people of other religious denominations. Many texts have been written on clergy who became Righteous Gentiles. The common denominator was their religious values and adherence to the teachings of the bible.
However the historical antagonism between Judaism and Catholilism places a certain bias on the true motives of the Catholic clergy in saving Jewish lives. Accounts of Pastor Andre Trocme and many nuns who saved Jewis children strengthen the reliability of the
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He acquired property, jewellery and money and in many accounts given, gentiles who helped affluent Jews became wealthy and that was perhaps a major driving force. In 1983 when Schindler was asked about his reasons for saving Jews he said: “I hated the brutality, the sadism, and the insanity of Nazism. I just couldn’t stand by and see people destroyed. I did what I could,what I had to do, what my conscience told me I must do. That’s all there is to it. Really, nothing more” (Source
What if you were the Jew who were forced to leave their homes and their belongings behind? To work at the point of exhaustion, to wear the same thing year long, to see many people die in front of your own eyes. How would you feel? This is what was plaguing the Jews, during the war because Nazis targeted the Jews’ humanity, and slowly dehumanized them. The Nazis dehumanizing the Jews made them not believe in God plus made them give up hope.
Throughout the 1800’s to the mid-1900’s one problem restricted and threatened the Jewish race. Through trials, battles, immigration, and more the jews couldn’t catch a break. They were a despised people suffering due to an inability of the Jewish people to fully assimilate into other societies. This issue highlighted the political and cultural atmosphere and events throughout the time periods we studied. From beneath all the destruction and chaos occurring during this time period lies an important message.
The Righteous Gentiles, also known as the Righteous among the Nation were people who stood out among the rest in the attempt to save the Jews and other victims of the holocaust. Although these people are recognized today as heroes for helping the Jews, how effective were the Righteous Gentiles in actually saving their lives? During the time of the Holocaust the Righteous among the Nation tried to stand up for what was right, through small or extreme actions. In doing so they accepted the consequences of getting thrown into a camp or of being executed if they were caught helping. They took it upon themselves to save people who at heart were just like them. Throughout the investigation, I will attempt to discover if the Righteous Gentiles actually made a difference in the amount of lives lost. To find an accurate answer, information regarding the Righteous Gentiles will be gathered and analyzed. Sources such as survival stories and rescue stories will be looked at. Some of these stories include the story of Mallgorzata and her children, and the story of Bartali. Along with these stories I will watch the movie Schindler’s List to further my understanding on the Righteous among the Nation. This information will then be analyzed and compared to sufficiently support evidence for the research question.
In the article “Righteous Christians Who Saved Jews During the Holocaust Honored for Their Sacrifice” it talks about many non-jewish people taking grave personal risks to save their jewish friends and neighbors from German extermination programs (“Righteous Christians Who” 1) and how they sacrificed pretty much all they had, to help others in need of material
Many Jewish prisoners were killed during the Holocaust, while others managed to stay alive. The Jewish prisoners’ mental will combined with their faith in God enabled them to
It is a widely held belief that the Church did not aid Hitler’s regime and were innocent bystanders. Others say that the Church indirectly contributed to Hitler’s agenda with their anti-Jewish doctrines. The Jews, however, were not only victimized by Nazis but also Christians. Christian authorities’ reactions to the Holocaust and how they reacted to accusations of blame are very vague. This topic is important because it explores how the people of a major religion abandoned the most basic teachings and morals of that religion. Christianity’s and Pope Pius’ role in the Holocaust still remains to this day remains very controversial.
Though the events of Le Mans took place earlier than those of Mainz, it is not unthinkable that this attitude of martyrdom was developed over time from a simple aversion to converting. Jews and Christians had become distinctly separate groups in society, with Jews living in isolated communities in Christian establishments. This is evident in The Chronicle of Le
these people with their lives and the lives of their loved ones, the Jews were “persuaded”
During the Nazi German era, which took place from 1933 until 1945, Christianity played a very important role in the rise of Hitler’s regime. The Christian churches greatly influenced not only the formation of the Nazi regime, but also the German folk. The most influential churches were the Roman Catholic Church and the Protestant Church. Even though Christianity itself faced a state of decline in the early 1930s, the higher clergy of the Christian churches in Germany still managed to make a significant impact. The amount of influence that the churches exerted can be measured not only through the impact of their resistance towards the Nazis, but conversely through the resistance carried out by
Many heroes worked hard to save Jewish people during the Holocaust, a genocide of anti-semitism, and their stories live on in the people who they saved. In September 1943, Bishop Giuseppe Nicolini received a letter from the Pope in Vatican that told him that the church should organize help for all refugees, especially the Jewish people and the Assisi Network was born. The “Assisi Network” began as a refugee camp with help from the surrounding Church community, but soon evolved into a huge organized operation. The people who risked their lives to run the Assisi Network helped to save hundreds of people and fought to hide Jews who would have otherwise been prosecuted. The story of the Assisi Network preserves the legacy of the Holocaust by using
Oskar Schindler faced many conflicts in his life. The main conflict he faced was overcoming the Nazis and saving over one thousand Jewish People. Schindler, with out a job at the time, joined the Nazi Party and followed on the heels of the SS when the Germans invaded Poland. This is when Schindler took over two previously Jewish owned companies that dealt with the manufacture and sales of enamel kitchenware products and opened up his own enamel shop right outside of Krakow near the Jewish ghetto. There, he employed mostly Jewish workers, which saved them from being deported to labor camps. Though twice the Gestapo arrested him, he got released because of his many connections and with many bribes. Most
Oskar Schindler was not one to pass up an opportunity to make some money. He marched into Poland with the SS and dove head first into the black market. He soon began to make friends with the Gestapo, the secret state police, by softening them up with women, money and alcohol. His newfound connections helped him to acquire a factory, which he ran with the cheapest labor around, Jews. At first, it seemed like he was another German money-driven industrialist but somewhere along the way something changed.
Since the beginning of the Judaism, the Jewish people have been subject to hardships and discrimination. They have not been allowed to have a stabile place of worship and have also faced persecution and atrocities that most of us can not even imagine. Three events that have had a big impact on the Jewish faith were the building and destruction of the First Great Temple, the Second Great Temple and the events of the Holocaust. In this paper, I will discuss these three events and also explain and give examples as to why I feel that the Jewish people have always been discriminated against and not allowed the freedom of worship.
Over six million people died in the Holocaust. Family, friends, and other people with the same ethnicity that they didn't even know were killed left and right. From the crematory to getting hung. Was it best for them to help each other or was it to protect themselves and not care about anyone else? (Prompt 5)
When many think of the Holocaust as a solely negative experience, and while it may seem easy to write the event off as a dark time in history that seems remote and unlikely to affect us today, there are some positive results, including the lessons that it brings for current and future humanity. The lessons that the Holocaust brings are applicable to every person in the world. While many of these lessons do focus on the negative aspects of the Holocaust, like what circumstances permit such a vast genocide and how many people can die because of widespread racial hatred, there are also those that focus on how some people, in all parts of Europe and throughout the world, retained their good human nature during the Holocaust. For example, what made some gentiles in Europe during that time willing and able to help Jews. Currently, Yad Vashem has recognized 26,513 rescuers throughout the world (Names), and the actual number of rescuers could likely be close to twice that amount (Baron,1). It is important that we analyze the reasons behind these rescuers’ choices to be upstanders instead of bystanders because we can learn about our own motivations when we face decisions between helping others and protecting ourselves, and possibly those we love, from harm. Fulfilling one’s self-interest was a potential motivation for helping Jews that will only be briefly addressed. This type of rescue potentially benefitted both the Jews and the Gentile rescuers; these Gentiles only helped Jews survive because they found personal gain, likely social or economic, in the action (Baron). However, in the situation that existed while rescuing the Jews, most efforts included the high possibility that both the rescuer and the rescued would end up worse off than they had begun with no potential for personal gain on either side. So those rescuers’ motivations are less easily explainable.