Why Should The Doctor Have Ordered These Blood Tests? Why Are They Significant?

The Merck Manual (2013) highlights the serum lipid profile as the most common diagnostic tool to identify hyperlipidaemia. This measures the total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDLs, LDLs and VLDLs. However, the test should be conducted after the illness has been treated because triglycerides, lipoproteins and cholesterol may be lower due to the body being in an inflammatory state. If there are high LDL levels, lipoprotein(a) and C-reactive protein levels can also be measured in the blood. Those with high triglyceride levels may also have LDL particle number or apoprotein B-100 measurements taken.

Note: In the real scenario, the medical student would be handed test results and he/she would need to interpret them. Since there are 4 possible tests, we did not

Mrs. Rogers was a diabetic patient who repeatedly had HgbA1C levels higher than the desired range despite frequent medication compliance, exercise, and education on diet.

The A1C test is a blood test done to diagnose diabetes and see how well your diabetes self-management plan is working. When your numbers get high, it increases your risk of developing diabetes related complications, such as obesity and cardiovascular disease. Discover 4 simple ways to get your A1C down.

Per PA Wu, your labs were normal except your blood sugars. Your A1c level is 0.1 higher than the last time you had it drawn and it consider to be in the pre- diabetic range. Please eat a low carb diet and include exercise in your daily regimen.

Blood sugar can be obtained from a drop of blood with a glucometer such as One Touch, or it may be obtained along with the serum chemistry and electrolyte analyses from the lab. A glucometer is a quick and easy way of determining the blood glucose level. Mrs. Baker is a diabetic, and is on an antidiabetic drug, Metformin. Her change in mental status could be due to low blood sugar. This would be easily diagnosed with a glucometer, and easily treated with IV glucose, so it should be one of the first assessments made. A glucometer has the benefit of being a quicker and easier way to obtain a blood sugar level, while a serum glucose may be more accurate at extremely high or low levels.

In 2009 the International Expert Committee, which consisted of experts from the American Diabetes Association (ADA), the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, and the International Diabetes Federation, released a report that recommended the use of Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) to diagnose diabetes (American Diabetes Association [ADA], 2013; International Expert Committee, 2009). HbA1c is a widely used marker of chronic glycemia, because it reflects an individual’s average blood glucose levels over a 2-3 month time period (ADA, 2013). Also, HbA1c is largely used as the standard biomarker for the adequacy of individuals’ glycemic management (ADA, 2013; Bao et al., 2010).

HbA1c (glycosylated haemoglobin) is an important marker of long- term glycaemic control. Glycosylation of haemoglobin is a non-enzymatic irreversible reaction between haemoglobin beta chains and glucose molecules, the extent of glycosylation being dependant on the average blood sugar levels over the preceding three months. There are many methods of quantifying the amount of HbA1c in blood, including ion

Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA) is a rapidly growing, noninvasive imaging modality that developed quickly over the last decade, and its role for evaluation of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD ) becomes of great promise with high diagnostic accuracy. The presence and extent of Coronary Artery Calcification (CAC) correlates with the overall magnitude of coronary atherosclerotic plaque burden and with the development of subsequent coronary events. Glycated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c, HbA1c, A1C, or Hb1c; sometimes also HbA1c or HGBA1C) is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Glycated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c, HbA1c, A1C, or Hb1c; sometimes

Red cells live for 8 - 12 weeks before they are replaced. By measuring the HbA1C it can tell us how high our blood glucose has been on average over the last 8-12 weeks.

The client has the following normal laboratory values, Na 139 meq/L, K 400 meq/L, Cl 102 meq/L, HCO3 22 meq/L BUN 14mg/dl, Cr 0.9 mg/dl, Ca 9.8 mg/dl, PO4 3.3mg/dl, Mg 1.9 mg/dl, AST 19 IU/L, ALT 13 IU/L, Alk phos 43 IU/L, T. bilirubin 1.0 mg/dl. The abnormal levels that the patient has include elevated Glu 168 mg/dl, T. Cholesterol 246 mg/dl, LDL 168 mg/dl, Trig 458 mg/dl, HbA1C 8.2 %, Insulin 290 u/ ml, and low HDL 28 mg/ dl. The interpretation of these abnormal values is as follows; Client C.B elevated deposits of triglycerides and cholesterol is because she is obese with a body mass index of more than 30. According to Huether & McCance (2012, p.463), this elevation of triglycerides and cholesterol interferes with intracellular insulin

The conversion of Hb to azidmethaemoglobin, this is achieved through the addition of sodium azide and sodium nitrate, again following appropriate measurement. Hb concentrations can be determined by measuring Hb as oxyhaemoglobin or measured as haematin which is produced in alkaline conditions. More modern measurements of haemoglobin include new instruments that can directly measure Hb concentrations, such as HemoCue and HB SCAN (HemoWave AB, Sweden) which are portable haemoglobinometers. (Bain

An A1C test, also referred to as a glycosylated hemoglobin or glycated hemoglobin test, is a form of blood test that measures your average levels of blood glucose (blood sugar) over a period of several months. While only one blood draw is typically necessary, the results allow a physician to estimate your average blood sugar levels over about a 3 month period.

Decisions regarding treatment are often based on HbA1c. Although the American Diabetes Association 2003 does not currently recommend HbA1c measurement for the diagnosis of diabetes, studies have shown frequency distributions similar to those of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) used in diagnosing diabetes, HbA1c is a more comprehensive measure of total glycaemic exposure than FPG due to the representation of blood glucose in the postprandial state in

Diabetes Mellitus is “a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It is a disease which is caused by the insufficient insulin secretion or decrease in the peripheral effects of insulin. It is a serious problem in terms of morbidity and mortality. The hyperglycemia is associated with long term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels. It’s associated with many complications which includes blindness of the eyes and amputations of the extremities. It is also associated with neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular diseases which lead to mortalities.