Why Stigma Is A Profound Effect On A Person Affected By Hiv / Aids

Stevenson, A., & Lindberg, C. (Eds.). (2011). Stigma [Def. 1]. In New Oxford American dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved February 8, 2016, from

A stigma refers to an idea surrounding someone’s particular circumstance that has a mark of disgrace associated with it. There is a stigma surrounding mental illness, same-sex relationships, and very heavily there is one surrounding prostitution. It is seen as a job that the desperate and destitute flock to, it takes place in seedy underbellies and involves corrupt pimps preying on adolescent girls. This viewpoint is hyperbolic stems from perhaps well-intentioned but uninformed others. Like any line of work, prostitution has its downsides and its corrupt sides, but it also has its benefits, benefits that are made scarcer when someone adopts the view that prostitution should be policed. Those involved in the sex trade argue that the policing of prostitution stems from a desire to know and control others deviant behavior and it creates more danger for those involved in the trade.

While stigma may not necessarily be a cause of a person’s mental disorder, it can certainly contribute to the complication and perpetuation of their illness. The effect of stigma goes well beyond just the patient and provides a commentary on society’s overall level of intolerance of those who are considered different from the majority. By recognizing the level of stigma that exists, perhaps we can alter that behavior and gravitate towards a more productive attitude towards mental illness.

Since it is a disease contracted on one’s own, it is oftentimes seen as the fault of the person living with HIV or AIDS, therefore causing others to feel as though they should not be held responsible for such accomodation. Furthermore, there is a strong correlation between the stigma of HIV and other marginalized groups, such as queer and people of color. For a long period of time there was a general misconstrued idea that this disease only affected gay men or those who were economically disadvantaged and seen negatively, including minority groups.

The definition of a stigma is, a mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or person (Oxford Dictionary). In John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, Lennie and Crooks worked very hard at the farm both physically and mentally. Both men are forced to live partial lives, due to others diminishing their life worth. Lennie and Crooks, both have to deal with the lives they were born with. Stigmas oppress people in different ways and are present in many other countries; a person that holds a stigma must overcome many forms of derision.

Goffman explained that the stigmatization is a pattern of unexpected behavior placed on a person who maybe diagnosed with an illness, apart of a certain group or because of different characteristics that others may not consider to be normal. It has been said that when an individuals inform others about their infection of HIV/AIDS, there is a behavior that is endured that makes it obvious to the naked eye that someone is not accepted. The existence of a stigma, and the means for determining who are stigmatized, seem to be normal for some parts of society. There are

We first need to ask ourselves what stigma actually is. The government of Western Australia Mental Health Commission defines stigma as, “… a mark of disgrace that

In chapter one of Stigma, Goffman describes different definitions of the term stigma. For example in the very beginning of the book he describes how early Greeks used the term stigma. He describes how the Greeks would refer stigma to body markings of different individuals to show how they were deviant and socially unacceptable in their society at that time. Goffman then describes how in later Christianity the word stigma and body markings meant a spiritual symbol or a symbol for a physical disorder. Throughout chapter one Goffman identifies three different types of stigma; body which can be described as physical, character which is described as internal or personal, and tribal stigma which could be consider social or even cultural. After identifying these three different stigmas, Goffman then describes how there

Stigma can be defined as a mark of shame or ignominy that sets individuals apart from others. Goffman notes “Society establishes the means of categorizing persons and the complement of attributes felt to be ordinary and natural for members of each of these categories”. (Goffman) Given, when a person is labeled by said illness, disorder, or deviancy they are seen as a part of a stereotyped group and as a result are stigmatized by the “normals”. Moreover, the routines of social interactions in society allow us to create normative expectations and demands for the way ones in said society are expected to

Goffman looks at variety of strategies when it comes to stigmatized individuals, especially ones that deal with rejection from others. Stigma: Notes on the Management of a Spoiled Identity was published in 1963 and in the first chapter the book, Goffman determines the three types of stigma; stigma of character traits, physical stigma, and stigma of group identity. Stigma of character traits are “blemishes of individual character perceived as weak will, domineering, or unnatural passions, treacherous and rigid beliefs, and dishonesty, these being inferred from a known record of, for example, mental disorder, imprisonment, addiction, alcoholism, homosexuality, unemployment, suicidal attempts, and radical political behavior” (Goffman, 1963). Physical stigma is the deformities of the body, whereas the stigma of group identity is a stigma that derives from a particular race, nation and/or religion. These three types of stigma have one thing in common, their sociological features: “an individual who might have been received in normal social

There are three main categories of stigma: physical disfigurements, individual character flaw, and membership in a “tainted” group. A tainted group includes a particular race, ethnicity or religion. In the modern times, people with STDs, pregnant teenagers and people with disabilities are also tainted groups. People who belong in a stigmatized group and has a stigmatized identity falls either into two groups: “the discreditable” or the “discredited”. Discreditable individuals include people who have deviant characteristics that they are able to hide such as sexual fetishes.

There are many stigmas, or misconceptions and misperceptions in our society which need to be shattered. I believe that one of the worse possible effects of stigma is that it causes those affected by psychological disorders, or mental illness, to crawl more deeply into themselves because it provokes a sense of shame. Stigma thrusts those suffering with mental illness into a sense of isolation, social exclusion, and discrimination. “Stigma can lead to discrimination … It may be obvious or direct … Or it may be unintentional or subtle…” (Staff). Stigma is often as big as the illness itself and I confess to having been a perpetuator of this dreaded thing, although not consciously aware and without the intent of furthering the harm of someone.

Erving Goffman’s theory of social stigma (1963) will be used as a guideline for the thesis and will act as a basis for further research on personal and perceived depression stigma. Stigma is a deeply discrediting attribute which has a strong relationship to stereotype (Goffman, 1963) Goffman defines stigma as a gap between “virtual social identity and actual social identity” and states that stigmata are bodily signs which deviate from the norm (Goffman, 1963). According to him, three different types of stigma exist: (1) physical deformities, (2) blemishes of individual character and (3) tribal stigma.

The research study, "Stigmatization of Persons with HIV/AIDS in Saudi Arabia" by Abdallah Badahdah is a significant contribution to HIV/AIDS-related literature focusing on the Middle Eastern and North African region (MENA). The study is invaluable in that it does not only contribute to the literature on knowledge and attitudes on HIV/AIDS, but also in providing logistical or methodological insights in conducting research studies in the MENA region. The study's specific focus is in Saudi Arabia, a country known for its being ultra-conservative when discussing sensitive issues such as sex and HIV/AIDS. Moreover, researchers are not only confronted with the challenge of actually exploring these kinds of sensitive issues, they also needed to deal with the fact that they may not be able to reach critical groups such as women and homosexuals in a society that treats men and women differently and does not acknowledge the existence of homosexuality and homosexuals.

There are HIV-related stigmas and discriminations that refer to the prejudice, abuse and negativity that is shown towards people living HIV and aids.in many countries with available data, over 50%of people have been said to have shown discriminatory attitude toward people living with HIV and AIDS. These stigmas have made people living with this