The postcorrective historiography of Why Stories Matter convincingly questions the belief that securing more accurate narratives of the past is possible and desirable. Hemmings intentionally sidesteps the philosophical question at the heart of most histories and historiographies: Are more accurate and unexpected renderings of the past in existence, waiting to be uncovered? Hemmings’s concerns are epistemological: what matters is how the past is depicted and what is remembered or forgotten as a result. They are also methodological: feminist scholars need the requisite tools to understand how the past is portrayed and how it might be portrayed differently. The existential question remains unanswered, which in her view leaves room for “unpredictability” in conceptualizing the past. One’s reply to the question depends largely on how one defines their source base, however. Although the extensiveness of Hemmings’s study is astonishing, her study begins and ends with feminist theory and the affective impulses escaping feminist theory’s discursive threshold (and inadvertently shaping it). Therefore, the social, cultural, economic, and geopolitical forces that do not fall under the category of feminist theory, such as structural and institutional relationships and forces that make possible the production of academic feminism, cannot be included as part of its history. Why should the scope of feminist history be limited to only what feminist scholars have published? Important factors
A saying i've kept to myself is to get back up when knocked down. This saying doesn’t just stand for getting up when literally knocked down but can keep a deeper meaning than what it says as for example being knocked down by a difficult obstacle to overcome and getting up to find a way to get past it and achieving it. Some people may not see this as something important but they don’t think about how getting up after knocked down can be something that can or would have been like a positive outcome into their life and how they are given two choices when knocked down which is to stay down or get back up and continue going forward.
J.G. Sime’s short story “Munitions” utilizes a limited omniscient narrative, metaphors, and imagery to demonstrate how World War I contributed to the liberation of North American women from patriarchal gender roles such as housewifery, and the unity among these newly emancipated women. The limited omniscient narrative allows readers to understand the limited opportunities for women before the war, while maintaining hope for a more eclectic future. The narrative also reveals the changing sexual codes for women as a result of independence, the internalized misogyny that forced patriarchal gender roles creates, and how when these roles are eradicated, women become supportive of one another. Sime employs the season of spring and Bertha’s name as metaphors of new beginnings for women. The bright imagery also reveals optimistic future opportunities for women, while contrasting, dark images expose the restricted lives of women before the war.
The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of narrative chaining on memory. A total of 59 participants aged 10-69 years old took part in this experiment. They were chosen using convenience sampling and were split randomly into two independent groups. Participants had 30 seconds to memorise a list of words, either using maintenance rehearsal or narrative chaining to do so and then they were asked to write down as many words as possible after 2 minutes. Participants in the experimental group who used narrative chaining remembered a mean of 9.93 words out of 16 words with a mean percentage of 62% of words recalled. Participants in the control group who used maintenance rehearsal remembered a mean of 9.17 words
The current counterculture and social upheavals of the civil rights movement and the Vietnam war caused this new feminism to emerge, signaling the beginning of a transforming era in women’s history (TWE, 607). Women were tired of living in a man’s world where they
America has changed over the years in a multitude of way. Women have touched it all, everything from humanities to arts to science to government. When studying history, students usually learn about the fights the men have fought; women are often overlooked. This paper is dedicated to learning about women and their fight to create history; this paper is dedicated to learning about the struggles women have faced that have been overlooked by those that dictate what a history book is supposed to contain. Women's history is just as important as men's history, therefore, this paper will contain just a small portion of history made by two important women.
In his essay History: A Very Short Introduction, historian John Arnold argues that it is naïve to think of history as merely a recounting of objectively-defined past events. Rather, history is really a complex mixture of combining sources, asking questions, considering biases, and relating events to a larger picture. This historical research process is largely illustrated in the documentary A Midwife’s Tale, by Laurel Thatcher Ulrich. A Midwife’s Tale explores the life of Martha Ballard, a midwife in 18th and 19th century Maine, through the woman’s diary and other sources. Ulrich uses these sources to construct an almost complete narrative of Martha Ballard’s life and to connect it with the broader historical context of Ballard’s time and geography, in a manner that exemplifies Arnold’s historical inquiry process.
In Adrienne Rich’s article “Notes towards a Politics of Location,” Rich argues that positionality is a way of understanding how power and privilege affect perspective. I am in agreement with Rich that recognizing one’s own politics of location is a useful starting point for feminist theory. Rich’s main arguments are that the US education system failed to provide an adequate retelling of world histories, that white feminism is ignorant of its privileges, and that through the awareness and inclusion of racial movements can feminist theory grow. I will also compare Rich’s article to Simone de Beauvoir’s first chapter, “Biological Data” from her book The Second Sex, and to Judith Butler’s article “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory.” Lastly, I will explain how Rich’s article is valuable to myself, to the WOMN 2000 Feminist Thought course, and in broader social contexts. Rich effectively argues that white feminism recreates the power structures feminism seeks to disassemble.
Watching the TED talk that Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie gave on “The Danger of a Single Story” was powerful. A single story has insufficient primary sources to have the full comprehension of the real story. Seeing Adichie verbalize issues that I have discovered in myself allowed me to reflect deeply regarding my perception of others. Adichie spoke on how her childhood was filled with English stories and how she gained a perspective on their culture through books. Books are truly powerful storytellers and is often forgotten about in a society where books are taken for granite. A book in another one of my classes was based on Adichie’s idea of how English stories only told one side of the story; this book explored the lives an Igbo society and how English stories portrayed them differently than who they actually were. This proved that I am not alone in making a single story, furthermore
Levy further asserts her binary comparison in a temporal manner by comparing the feminism of the past with the feminism of the present, as she claims “in recent years, the term feminism has fallen further and further out of favour” (Levy, 86). By framing her own views of feminism as those belonging to an earlier point in the timeline, she privileges these views as “original” or “authentic”. Yet this does not acknowledge that the “anti-porn wars” of the 80’s was a point at which feminism branched out, rather than transitioned from one set of beliefs to another. As a result, the cultural changes that she observed occurred in the presence of both stances of feminism, making it difficult to distil the cause. Levy privileges past over present in her suggestion
In order to properly view a story from a feminist perspective, it is important that the reader fully understands what the feminist perspective entails. “There are many feminist perspectives, and each perspective uses different approaches to analyze and interpret texts. One is that gender is “socially constructed” and another is that power is distributed unequally on the basis of sex, race, and ethnicity, religion, national origin, age, ability, sexuality, and economic class status” (South University Online, 2011, para. 1). The story “Girl” is an outline of the things young girls
“First wave” of feminism in 1920 advocated women’s suffrage, whereas the “Second wave” targets the societal issues that women in the 21st century are facing. Betty Friedan wrote The Feminists Mystique after World War II exposing female repression and later founded the National Organization for Women (NOW) which ignited the second wave of the feminist movement. Consequently, it became noticeable that women were in multiple wars, as a result branches of feminists were formed (i.e. Liberalist, Marxist, and Socialist). Misogyny’s evolution has its own significant role in the feminist movement, stirring conversations today that affect feminist ideologies. However, in order to fully comprehend what affects second wave feminism along with the tactics utilized by feminists, one must first become acquainted with the many forms.
Literature changes as current events change and as the structure of society begins to shift. American feminist literature started to become prevalent during the Victorian era, or around the latter part of the 19th century. This is the time when the first wave of feminism in the United States hit. The Seneca Falls Convention - the first women’s rights convention - and the emergence of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony’s American Equal Rights Association in the middle of the 19th century are among some of the noteable events that sparked this movement in literature. Women across America were inspired by the changing of the times, and that is reflected in many American female authors’ writings.
Many people tell stories to inform others about themselves. Throughout my life people in my family have told me many stories, and behind each story there is a purpose. The stories I was told growing up were about experiences that people in my family have had or things that I have done. These stories mean a lot to me because through these stories different family members reveal many things about themselves. They want me to understand their ideas, beliefs, or feelings about a certain subject. They want people to praise or admire what they have done or accomplished. Funny stories are told to humor or embarrass someone, usually me. Other stories express that we are not alone in the world, and there are other people,
1. Women's lives have changed enormously this century and the actions of women themselves have played a vital role in the transformation. Putting women back into history is about giving individual women their history, but it should also be about making some collective sense out of women's divergent experiences.
The roots of feminism can be traced back to the ancient Greece, or the medieval world. However, it is not until the late 19th century, the feminist movement is categorized and become identifiable into specific waves. This paper focuses on modern feminism and three waves that follows. Female characters will also be assigned to each wave in order to have a better understanding of feminism. To add, this paper also focuses on the women from Britain as this essay uses Pride and Prejudice and Bridget Jones’s Diary as textual reference. This essay argues that even though women’s role in the 20th century and their identities have changed from the women in the 19th century, i.e. their social and economic status as well as political rights, the contemporary