Why The Disease Has Been An Enemy Of A Human Ever Since It First?

Throughout history, vaccinations have been used to help the prevention of infectious diseases; some of which can produce serious illnesses, crippling disabilities, and ultimately be the cause of death. There is evidence of ancient culture’s attempting to treat transmittable diseases with various forms of inoculations. Developments in the research of vaccinations increased during the mid-twentieth century because of the established of more advanced laboratories, improved equipment, and new innovations. The progression of medicine during history has helped further the development of research into vaccinations. Several cultural, ethical, and religious issues have resulted from the development and use of vaccinations in our society. The topic of vaccinations has caused a strong debate amongst our culture about the safety and danger of treating infectious diseases with such methods.

Vaccinations have been actively used for over 200 years now and have been effective for over 200 years as well. Western medicine’s introduction to the practice is said to have occurred within the eighteenth century, when a traveling British aristocrat, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, reported her observations of Turkish children being injected with pus from smallpox victims. Although this practice seemed quite harsh, most of these children would contract only a mild version of the illness. In return, these recipients would retain a lifelong immunity to this terrible disease (World of Microbiology & Immunology). Similarly, in the United States, a Puritan minister by the name of Cotton Mather learned about inoculation from his African slave, Onesimus. Onesimus claimed that he was inoculated with smallpox pus and never caught the tragic disease (Williams). This type of medicinal treatment was initially rejected by most Western practitioners. They felt it was a dangerous and barbarous practice, but vaccination gained a tremendous amount of support at the turn of the nineteenth century when English physician Edward Jenner created a new smallpox vaccine derived from the relatively mild cowpox virus (Riedel). There’s no doubt that history has shown the positive outcomes of immunization and continued to show them as technology and medicine progressed.

The world has seen several infectious diseases as time goes on from typhoid to strep, smallpox, meningitis, the common flu and many more. Through the use and progression of vaccines, many deadly and horrible diseases have been completely cured or side

Mandatory vaccination continues to be a contentious subject in the United States, even though extensive evidence proves inoculation prevents certain diseases. According to A. Plotkin & L. Plotkin (2011), the evolution of the first vaccine commenced in the 1700’s when a physician named Edwards Jenner discovered that cowpox protected individuals from one of the deadliest diseases termed smallpox. The precise virus Jenner used is unclear; however, it was espoused in the extermination of smallpox worldwide. The researchers further explained, the unearthing of the subsequent vaccine known as chicken cholera occurred approximately 80 years later by Louise Pasteur. Ever since, copious vaccines such as rabies, yellow fever, varicella, pneumococcal, mumps and recently HPV have been introduced.

Since the early 1800’s vaccinations have been significant factors in eliminating many contagious diseases and, for the most part, have been an accepted part of preventative medicine in our nation. Veritably eradicating often fatal diseases such as smallpox, polio, and cholera, vaccinations have been vital in contributing to a healthier and more disease free world.

During the 19th century, despite clear evidence of protection against smallpox by immunization with cowpox, there was a strong anti-vaccination movement that resulted in ongoing smallpox outbreaks and unnecessary deaths (Poland & Jacobson, 2011). Between the 1940s and the early 1980s, anti-vaccine thinking was less prevalent. The reason for this was because of a number of trends. There was an increase in vaccine science, discovery, and production. There was also an increase in public awareness of widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases. With

Historically, vaccination was launch in the United States at the 19th century. Mandatory vaccination laws were first enacted in the early nineteenth century; with Massachusetts enacting the first such law in 1809. As a result, other states enacted similar legislation. Because the number of the incidences had decreased, vaccination become widely accepted as effective tool for protecting people from the smallpox by the middle of the 19th century. In 1850s,”irregular physician, the advocate of unorthodox medical theories,” (3) makes people abandon the vaccination, so

In the late 1700s, the smallpox disease was threatening much of the world population. The first inoculation for the disease was performed by Edward Jenner on an 8-year-old boy by giving the cowpox disease to him. A week later he was not sick with

Before we can look into this too deeply, we must go back to the beginning of vaccine administration. In the twelfth century, a practice called variolation was introduced in Turkey, China, Africa and Europe. Citizens that were not previously infected by smallpox were inoculated with a scab from a smallpox patient. This practice would become introduce in Great Britain in the eighteenth century

The concept of vaccines, basically exposure to a disease to trick the body into forming immunity, has been controversial from its beginnings. The history of vaccines began in 1796 with Edward Jenner, a doctor from England, who performed the first immunization (Alexandra, Markel, 2005). Edward Jenner showed that a certain level of immunity could be accomplished by dosing patients with cowpox, which is a close relative of smallpox (Alexandra, Markel, 2005). He then tried, without success, to infect that same

The practice of immunization dates back to the 1100’s, when scientists in China and the Middle East attempted to immunize individuals against smallpox by inserting powdered smallpox scabs, or fluid from the pustules, into superficial scratches made in the skin. The patients would experience a mild version of the illness, and then immunity. This method is known as variolation or inoculation. It was introduced to Europe and North America in the 1720’s and around 1738 it started to gain widespread recognition. Although it was a momentous medical breakthrough, inoculation was still widely criticized due to its safety drawbacks. It had a 2% mortality rate, which, although favorable when compared to the 14% mortality rate of actual smallpox, was

In human history, people had a long history in conquered the deadly virus. The minute a new baby is born, an injection is shot at his/hers arm, and it is the symbol of vaccination. The progress of vaccination could trace back to 1979. Edward Jenner, a scientist, who firstly infected people by cowpox (a viral disease that used to inoculate humans against smallpox) and successfully saved 530 millions of lives from the smallpox. Today vaccinations are available for variety forms of life threatening diseases such as: smallpox, polio, yellow fever, influenza, measles and so on. The research and development of vaccine makes a significant contribution to public health, however, recently big waves of anti-vaccination parades and comments sweep across

I. Introduction (Approximately 1min.) A. Attention Getter: Back in the 19th and 20th centuries there were a lot of horrifying diseases that infected people, mostly children and thousands of people died. People either recovered and developed natural immunity, or they died. Nowadays people have a third and much easier option: vaccinations.

First, in 1796, a doctor named Edward Jenner performed the very first vaccination. “Taking pus from a cowpox lesion on a milkmaid’s hand, Jenner inoculated an eight-year-old boy, James Phipps. Six weeks later Jenner variolated two sites on Phipps ' arm with smallpox, yet the boy was unaffected by this as well as subsequent exposures” (Minna & Markel, 2005)& (Cave, 2008). The first vaccination allowed people to recognize that it was beneficial for their health. It provided the base for the rest of the variations of vaccinations to come. Vaccinations began with the notion that it is rooted in the science of immunology. Throughout history, there have been many variations of this first vaccine for things such as small pox, mumps, malaria and guinea worm. (The College of Physicians of Philadelphia, n.d.)

Vaccinations and Immunizations started in the 18th century, with the Smallpox Vaccination, created by Edward Jenner from Berkeley, England. "The control of communicable disease has been the major advance of the 20th century in scientific medicine. It reflects the combination of improved environmental conditions and public health together with the development of immunization, antimicrobial chemotherapy, and