Why Using Writing Assignments As Punishment Is Unwise Practice

Even after years of research, the issue of whether spanking is an adequate discipline strategy or damaging to children remains a controversial topic. According to Kazdin and Benjet (2003) the definition of spanking is “. . . hitting a child with an open hand on the buttocks or extremities with the intent to discipline without leaving a bruise or causing physical harm (p. 100). In addition, according to Maguire-Jack, Gromoske and Berger (2012) only a few studies propose that spanking is an effective form of discipline. On the other hand, there is more evidence to show that spanking is an unsuccessful form of discipline that can led to unwanted consequences (p. 1960). I personally do not take a stance in this topic because I can see valid points from both parties. Although, I believe that the way the punishment is presented to the child is extremely important. For example, I feel that the child should know why he or she is punished and what is expected of them thereafter.

Classical conditioning happens when “... learning takes place when an association is formed between a previously neutral stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.” (Cherry)This means that an image can be associated with something good. If a baby is shown a picture of their mom, they are likely to think of the person who feeds them or takes care of what they want. When a mother goes to her crying infant, the infant will recognize

To better explain let me make a comparison. When I am assigned a writing assignment or I am writing because the action is being forced upon me I find myself not enjoying the process and overall the end result is subpar. The perfect example of this would be my junior year in high school when I was enrolled in AP english literature. I dreaded the majority of the class simply because there was so much writing involved in the entire course and therefore I was constantly writing just to get a grade. Being forced to write in such high volume every week for an entire school year was not enjoyable for myself and as a result the

Evaluate conditioning is where a person is likely to ‘like or dislike something because it has been associated with something positive or negative’ (Brace N, 2014, P 159). We can be unaware of evaluate conditioning and exactly

It occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired together, one being an unlearned stimulus and the other a neutral stimulus. The neutral stimuli eventually will produce the same reaction as the unlearned stimuli. Ivan Pavlov had been investigating the saliva reactions in dogs. He conducted a study where he noticed that dogs salivated not only when food was placed in their mouths but also when stimuli associated with the food (a bell) was presented. Pavlov identified that the dogs had formed an association between the two stimuli, that it was an example of classical conditioning. A problem with this study was the fact that we can not generalize it to humans. Watson and Rayner rectified this in a later study using a young boy named Little Albert. At the age of nine months old, Little Albert was showed a variety of stimuli including a white rat, a monkey, a rabbit and burning newspapers. Watson and Rayner observed the boys’ reaction to the stimuli and found he showed no fear in relation to them. The next time Albert was exposed to the rat the researched made a loud, unpleasant noise which made Albert cry. Eventually, Albert would cry just in the presence of the rat. After this observation ‘Watson and Rayner wrote "The instant the rat was shown, the baby began to cry. Almost instantly he turned sharply to the left, fell over on [his] left side, raised himself on all fours and began to crawl away so rapidly that he was

Writing assignments are absolutely the worst, it is my least favorite thing ever. I am not good at writing, especially on the spot. As soon as I am required to write a paragraph, short story, essay, anything that is not a memo or email, every part me just starts to quiver. Before I can start writing, thoughts of what to write roll around in my head like scatter marbles, trying to come up with what to write. A process that can take anywhere an hour to a day. This shortens if I am even a short story first. Reading a story first release my imagination making my direction much clearer. Once I have a clear vision of what I am going to write, my fingers cannot keep up with the words flying through my head. Traditionally, the textbook teaches to

Before Classical Conditioning even takes place, there is what one refers to as an unconditioned stimulus (US), which is something in the environment that naturally and automatically triggers an individual to respond. This in turn causes an unconditioned response (UR), which is a natural (meaning is has not been taught), reaction that occurs in the presence of an unconditioned stimulus. The next term we must be familiar with is neutral stimulus. A neutral stimulus (NS), can be either a person, place or object that does not produce a response until it is paired with the unconditioned stimulus. Imagine for example, your grandmother has just baked a fresh batch of chocolate chip cookies. As the cookies (the US) sit by the window to cool,

The intro to chapter 9 in Cunningham & Allington(p.150) made me chuckle a bit, as I have many times asked that especially to my youngest son who “strongly disliked” writing up all the way through 8th grade. And he was not that amused over my question. I do believe that he was mostly thinking about how he could get out of the writing task altogether more than what to write. Fortunately now, a changed student, as a freshman in High School his attitude towards writing has greatly improved. I can only imagine how many other students are facing the same frustrations, and how inventive teachers have to be to encourage all students to write.

Classical conditioning would suggest that depression is cultured through the connotation of certain stimuli’s’ with undesirable emotional states. Operant conditioning believes that depression is instigated by

Classical conditioning is a form of learning that is taught to us through experiences we encounter in our lives. It involves outside stimuli to trigger the condition we have learned to expect. For example, the sound of a lunch bell would trigger our stomach to start growling soon after hearing the bell ring. The expectation of food to come soon after hearing the bell and satisfy our hunger is what makes our stomach growl. This is something learned over time. Expectations can be both good and bad. Sometimes these negative experiences cause us to have certain behaviors when we are reminded of such an event.

Because musical pieces portray emotions, different music make people feel different things and thus get associated with different things. Jay Dowling and Dane Harwood explain that "patterns within the music itself ... of tensions and relaxations ... mirror the form of emotional tensions and relaxations" (Dowling 205) that humans relate to their own. This is shown by a study where every subject who associated a song with their current relationship explained that the song gave them the pleasant emotions that their relationship provided (Baumgartner 616).

Classical conditioning is learning that occurs when two stimuli- a conditioned stimulus (originally a neutral stimulus) and a unconditioned stimulus are paired and become associate with each other. Sarah was not afraid of ballet or anything to do with ballet before her mother’s death. However because she blames herself for it and it occurred on the day of her audition she associated her mother’s death with ballet. As a result she refused to dance or watch ballet. In the movie Derek takes her to this ballet show and she almost ran off because she was so emotional when she realized where he was about to take her. Sarah also had classical conditioned attitudes as a result of her classical conditioning. Sarah felt upset whenever Derek or anyone questioned about her mother or her term ‘used to dance’. She became annoyed or uninterested that was an attitude she learned to have due to the event. Sarah also acquired motives through her classical conditioning (leaned motives) where she avoided ballet or placed a mental block between her and dancing ballet.

“Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus”.

Classical conditioning involves deciding whether positive or negative regard is felt towards an attitude object that has previously been associated with either a pleasurable or un-pleasurable event (Lord 1997).

Punishment has been in existence since the early colonial period and has continued throughout history as a method used to deter criminals from committing criminal acts. Philosophers believe that punishment is a necessity in today’s modern society as it is a worldwide response to crime and violence. Friedrich Nietzche’s book “Punishment and Rehabilitation” reiterates that “punishment makes us into who we are; it creates in us a sense of responsibility and the ability to take and release our social obligations” (Blue, Naden, 2001). Immanuel Kant believes that if an individual commits a crime then punishment should be inflicted upon that individual for the crime committed. Cesare Beccaria, also believes that if there is a breach of the