William Apess, A Christian Of Indian Heritage

He then goes further and states that there can be no white churches and even the establishment of one is blasphemous due to the idea that these institutions center on the oppression of another human race.

During Tom Robinson’s trial, the strong prejudice of Maycomb County and the negative effects of its social stratification were clearly demonstrated. Whilst Tom Robinson is innocent of the crime of rape, he gave the Caucasians more reason to convict him on the basis of daring to feel sorry for a Caucasian - it is not expected that a negro (considered as being a part of the lowest class of society, event lower than the ‘white trash’) could feel sorry for a Caucasian and the Caucasians could not accept such a presumption.

According to John Heckewelder Indians believe that everything has been made by the Lord for the benefit of human beings. He says that they believe every men have share in things created by Lord including rivers, seas, mountain etc. their religious beliefs are concerned with the supreme universal family and everyone is eligible to be served. They show hospitality and fulfill essentials of the people in need. In regard to property they believe that no one is the owner of specific thing. Lord made everything for all human beings so anyone can use anything because it has been created by the Lord.

Some may wonder, does the use of rhetorical devices like logos, pathos, and ethos enhance an argument? Well, does a bear shit in the woods? William Apess fills “An Indian’s Looking-glass for the White Man” with all three forms of rhetoric, but perhaps the one of most significance is ethos. Apess spends a good deal of time using ethos to establish a connection between himself and the intended audience, white Christians; this collective identity that Apess forms allows him to make better use of pathos and ethos in his writing. Even though Apess’s ideas may not have presented well to his audience, his arguments based in logos and pathos would have gone over rather poorly had he not established a clear connection between himself and his

After being thrown into a violent rebellion in the streets, the narrator "recognizes the absurdity of the whole night" and more broadly, "of the simple yet confounding complex arrangement of hope and desire, fear and hate, that has brought him here still running..." ( Ellison 559). Just the mere fact of being born black instead of white influences his desires and draws hatred against him. Still, he realizes "that it is better to live out one's own absurdity than to die for that of others...." He does not lapse into despair but considers his grandfather’s deathbed words—"Agree 'em to death and destruction"—in a new light: "affirm the principle on which the country was built" ( Ellison 574). The way to overcome absurdity is to say yes to the world, to take responsibility for society’s wrongdoings and transcend them instead of resigning himself to invisibility. Eventually, as the novel nears its conclusion, he begins to recognize and acknowledge the absurdity

Apess describes “whites” as prejudice. An examples he gave was that “whites” view themselves as supreme because at this point in time they walked all over the Indians, and African Americans. He states that the “whites” have no consideration and that they are selfish. Apess says, “They would think it no crime to go upon Indian lands and cut and carry off their most valuable timber, or anything else they choose; and I doubt not but they think it clear gain.” (Apess, 761) Additionally I believe that his strongest argument was that God had not intended for humans to discriminate based on race. He quoted many verses from the bible talking about love. This is when he goes into his discussion about hypocrisy. He argues that “whites” think that they are superior to God, because they are disgracing His masterpieces. All people are created in God’s image, so when you disgrace a group of people, you are also disgracing God. Apess states, “Why do you, who profess His Gospel and to have His spirit, act so contrary to it?” (Apess, 763)

He claims, ¨In our present time, we can observe entire races of people dying our, races whose hunting grounds and other subsistence resources have been taken away by the White race and whole venerable religious and moral traditions have been destroyed...¨ By going and trying to live with and around non-europeans all they are doing is bringing them death and destruction. Document seven, a memoir for Earl Cromer, a British consul general in Egypt, reveals how an effective ruler should carry himself and how the people will react. The document tells us how while under British supervision the non-europeans will conform to a european lifestyle but once said supervision is removed they will go back to their own ways of life. In document five, we are given a picture of two Polynesian women and a European man. The European man is displayed in the back behind the women and is painted seems to resemble the devil, coming and disturbing the peace of two non-europeans lifestyle. All three of these documents accept the non-europeans but realize that all they are causing is chaos for

During the trial, Mr. Gilmer begins to question Tom and his actions. Mr.Gilmer does so by asking, “Were you... scared of arrest, scared you have to face up to what you did? No, suh, scared I have to say something I didn't do,” (Doc D). Privileges are only given to those who are born into them. In most cases, it would be white people. White people will always be given priority because they are seen as innocent human beings. Preconceived notions have caused white people to devalue the lives of blacks and allow them to formulate assumptions that are not necessarily precise. This affected Tom because he had no power to get himself out of the lies that the Ewell has thrown upon him. Tom comprehends that in a dark, corrupted society there is little to no chance to achieve justice. This trial was self-contradictory because racism was utilized to cloud their judgment. Mayella’s filthy white skin has poisoned the eyes of justice. In addition to that, Tom Robinson was yet again demeaned and belittled. Mr. Gilmer emphasizes, “You felt sorry for her, you felt sorry for her? ”(Document E). Tom’s sympathy for Mayella leads him into more trouble. Blacks and whites are not socially equal. Therefore, they should not assimilate accordingly. White people have blind spots that cause them to misinterpret Tom’s actions. Thus, Tom’s acts of innocence were taken as

In the article,”Of Primates and Personhood: Will According Rights and “Dignity” to Nonhuman Organisms Halt Research?”, author Ed Yong implies that different types of primates such as apes should be treated more like human beings. He starts by stating a claim the there is some type of schism between different types of scientists and the world. Yong also explains the the Swiss law and how it protects the “dignity” of organisms. He also states that the apes are basically in “battle” Yong then starts to talk about what measures the GAP tries to take in order to give the apes some type of rights. He also explains the different measures that other countries have taken to help the apes within their country, and then he makes another claim in which

He demonstrates that this oppression perhaps goes deeper than the average man would imagine, noticeably hindering even the lives of the oppressors. The elephants controlling force over Orwell is compared to that of an imperialist.

“‘-the assumption- the evil assumption- that all Negroes lie, that all Negroes are basically immoral beings, that all Negroes are not to be trusted around our women, an assumption one associates with minds of their caliber,’” (204). This quote is Atticus talking to the jury at the trial. Atticus is saying that most white people when they see a Negro they automatically do not trust them to tell the truth, have moral conscience, and to be alone with females. All Negroes are thrown into the same group and are judged because of their skin.

Tom Robinson’s case, in which we see in that time period how a white man’s word goes against a black’s, is perceived as unfair by Scout, Jem, Atticus, and many of their neighbors. As Atticus says to Jem, “As you grow older, you’ll see white men cheat black men every day of your life, but let me tell you something and don’t you forget it–whenever a white man does that to a black man, no matter who he is, how rich he is, or how fine a family he comes from, that white man is trash.”(295) This quote explains that there is great injustice and extortion for personal gain. This is disturbing in its own right; The fact that Atticus needs to even make a comment like that is disturbing in its own right, let alone that any person would do that to another, also tells Jem this: “So far nothing in your life has interfered with your reasoning process. Those are twelve reasonable men in everyday life, Tom’s jury, but you saw something come between them and reason. You saw the same thing that night in front of the jail. When that crew went away, they didn’t go as reasonable men, they went because we were there. There’s something in our world that makes men lose their heads–they couldn’t be fair if they tried. In our courts, when it’s a white man’s word against a black man’s, the white man always wins. They’re ugly, but those are the facts of life.”(295) Even a man like Atticus, a sort of rebel in that time period, accepts that the system is

The Maycomb jury accused Tom Robinson guilty of rape of Mayella Ewell, not because they truly thought he was guilty; he was wrongfully convicted because of our town’s long time “honor code” of our society. Our “honor code” is nothing but a meaningless, unbroken rule saying that all whites are infallible, while all negroes are immoral and can’t be trusted around anyone. If a white person were to break this “code”, that person would be considered an outcast in our town. Of course, as I’ve said before, some whites and negroes are immoral and can’t be trusted around anyone. Take the Ewells, for example. Maycomb despises them, and barely keeps them isolated from the rest of town. They represent Maycomb’s worst side, but their word is still taken over a black man’s word, simply because they’re white. None of the jury members wanted to risk their own reputations and be

“I have no race prejudice,” he would say, “but we people of mixed blood are ground between the upper and the nether millstone. Our fate lies between absorption by the white race and extinction in the black. The one doesn’t want us yet, but may take us in time. The other would welcome us but it would be for us a backward step" (467).

The most common prejudice people encounter is that of race. During Tom Robinson’s trial this type of prejudice is shown. Tom was a black man accused of raping a white woman, a crime that is punishable by the death penalty. Even though all of the evidence should prove him innocent, the jury still found him guilty, beyond a reasonable doubt. The justice system didn’t allow this man to have a fair trial because of racial prejudice. The character Jem was heartbroken by consequence of racism “His face was streaked with angry tears, ‘it ain’t right’ he muttered.” (212). The jurors had disregarded Tom’s credibility or that of the other witnesses. All they could focus on was his race because they could not see though the frost in that window.